Studies On Biological Characteristics And Taxonomic Identification Of Several Wild Mushrooms From Qilian Mountain

This thesis reviewed the current research progress of wild mushrooms in resourcedistribution, taxonomic identification, biological characteristics, domestication and so on. Forthe case of less domestication for the wild mushrooms in contrast its abundant distribution atpresent time, this thesis studied the biological characteristics and taxonomic identification ofseveral wild mushrooms from Qilian mountain. It was aimed to development and utilizationthem, and to make theoretical foundation for further research. It also provides a reference forthe development and utilization of other wild mushrooms.The mycelia were isolated from the fruiting bodies. Genomic DNA was extracted frommycelium, and then was used as template for the ITS gene PCR amplification, sequencing andphylogenetic analysis. The optimum culture conditions, i.e. carbon source, nitrogen source,growth factor, temperature, and pH for mycelium growth was studied at the same time. Themain results as following:The strains were identified through traditional morphological and molecular biologicalmethods. We got a conclusion that QL-1, QL-2and QL-3strains were identified as Agaricusvaporarius; QL-4strain was identified as Agaricus devoniensis; QL-5, QL-7and QL-10strains were identified as three new records of Agrocybe; QL-6strain was identified asLyophyllum decastes; QL-8and QL-9strains were identified as Coprinus comatus; QL-11strain was identified as Pleurotus ostreatus.The single factor experiment was used to determine the optimum temperature, pH,carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt and vitamin. Results were as follows: for QL-4,the optimum temperature and pH was26℃and7.0, respectively; the optimum carbon sourceand nitrogen source was sucrose and peptone, respectively; the optimum inorganic salt andvitamin was MgSO4and Vb12. For QL-5, the optimum temperature and pH was24℃and6.0,respectively; the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source was mannitol and dry yeast,respectively; the optimum inorganic salt and vitamin was MnSO4and Vb5. For QL-6, theoptimum temperature and pH was24℃and6.0~7.0, respectively; the optimum carbon sourceand nitrogen source was starch and dry yeast, respectively; the optimum inorganic salt andvitamin was CaSO4and vitamin B compound. For QL-7, QL-8and QL-9, the optimumtemperature and pH was24℃and7.0, respectively; the optimum carbon source was glucose,sucrose, mannitol, respectively; the optimum nitrogen sources was dry yeast, the optimuminorganic salt was MnSO4, MgSO4and MnSO4, respectively; the optimum vitamin wasvitamin B compound, Vb6and Vb12, respectively. For QL-10and QL-11, the optimumtemperature was30℃and28℃, respectively, the optimum pH was7.0, the optimum carbonsource was glucose, the optimum nitrogen source was dry yeast, the optimum inorganic saltwas MnSO4, the optimum vitamin was Vb2and Vb5, respectively. Finally, the best medium of mycelia was concluded by multi-factor orthogonal experiment.Different cultivation materials were studied by comparing the speed of myceliumspreading of strains. It comes to the conclusion that sawdust and the cotton seed hull were thebetter cultivation materials for all strains. At the same time, some conditions for fruiting alsoobtained from the experience. For QL-11, the temperature of fruiting body development wasfrom18to24℃, humidity was75-85%, and a weak scattered light was needed; For QL-10,the temperature was24℃, humidity was75-85%, and the deal of dark was needed; For QL-8and QL-9, the temperature was24-30℃, humidity was75-90%, and sunlight and casing wasneeded.