Research On Physiological Response And Enrichment Regularity In Grape Under Copper And Cadmium Treatments

This study chosed grapes as test materials, Researching root and leaf physiological response, the influence of uptake of nitrogen and mineral elements; Copper enrichment characteristics of cadmium in different organs grapes under copper and cadmium stresses, low cadmium absorption grape root stock screening by hydroponic and pot experiment. The results showed that:1. Under copper and cadmium stresses, The root activity decreased significantly, proline and MDA accumulation of large inside the cell, signaling molecule NO increased obvious,NO synthase activity increased, soluble protein content decreased significantly. Under copper and cadmium stresses, the grape root antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT activity decreased significantly, POD activity increased significantly. The influences of cadmium treatment on grape root activity, proline content, the NO content and antioxidant enzyme system was higher than that of copper processing, copper processing and the MDA content of grape root and NOS was greater than the influence of cadmium treatment, the impact on the soluble protein content and cadmium treatment. Copper and cadmium combined treatment effection was similar to cadmium treatment effection, but for the decrease of soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme system interference had strengthening effect.2. Under copper and cadmium stresses, the grape leaf chlorophyll content and the a/b significantly reduced, Total chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and chlorophyll were significantly lower, but copper and cadmium joint effect weakened after processing. Under copper and cadmium processing grape leaf net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased significantly, intercellular CO2 concentration significantly increased. Copper and cadmium joint treatment on photosynthetic parameters most significantly, the influence of cadmium stresses affect slightly larger than copper. Influenced by copper and cadmium stresses, blade induced fluorescence emission amount was significantly higher than control, Under copper and cadmium stresses, the quickly induced fluorescence emission quantity of leaves was higher than contrast, at the points O and J, the influence was copper and cadmium >cadmium> copper, but at the points of I and P, it was copper > cadmium> copper and cadmium. The φ Eo was reduced significantly and the WK rised significantly under copper treatment, but Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、ψ0、φEo、PIABS、WK and Sm were reduced significantly and VI、ABS/CS、TRo/CS、TRo/RC rised significantly under cadmium treatment. Copper and cadmium stresses affected grape leaf PSⅡdonor side, receptor side and the structure and function of reactioncenters, which leaded to the decrease of chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate decreased.Copper processing of PSⅡ had limitations, and the influence of cadmium treatment scoped wide, the influence of copper and cadmium combined treatment had the effect of the increase of cadmium damage.3. compared the processing plant roots, stems, nitrogen content decreased significantly,the reduction of copper and cadmium cadmium treatment, joint treatment > cu > 14% lower root nitrogen content of copper processing, cadmium treatment by 8%, copper and cadmium joint processing by 17%.Total phosphorus content in each processing plant organs was significantly lower than control, including root phosphorus copper processing by 39%,cadmium treatment by 38%, copper and cadmium joint processing by 51%.Total potassium content in root of each treatment was significantly lower than control, and cadmium in leaf processing and joint treatment was significantly lower than control and copper copper,cadmium, compared the copper processing plant total uptake of potassium was 4.1% lower,cadmium treatment by 6.9%, copper and cadmium joint processing by 8%.Under copper and cadmium treatments, the total nitrogen was lower than contrast in the root 、 stem and leaf. With the influences copper and cadmium>copper>cadmium. The phosphorus content was lower than contrast in the organs.after copper and cadmium treatments, content of total K was lower than contrast in the root, but was higher than contrast in leaves. The distribution of Ca in grape was leaf >root>stem, while Cu and Cd could influenced the absorbing and transportion of Ca in the plant. The distribution of Fe in grape was root > leaf >stem, Copper can promote the transport of iron to leaves, the impact is not big effect on the absorption of iron, cadmium and inhibit the absorption of iron. The distribution of Mg in grape was root > leaf >stem, while Cu and Cd could influenced the absorbing and transportion of Mg in the plant. The distribution of Zn in grape was root >stem > leaf.4. copper, cadmium in the enrichment regularity of grape plant was root > stem >perennial annual stem > leaf and fruit, the main concentration in root system, and decrease with the extension of perennial stalk. By transfer coefficient analysis found that cadmium has promoted by the transfer of the stem to leaf copper copper inhibits the transfer of cadmium from the stem to the leaves. Subcellular distribution of copper and cadmium in root and leaf in cytosol and cell debris, most main enrichment in the fruit in the skin.5. The cadmium absorption of SO4, ‘bei da’ were the minimum, The length of the perennial stalk and upward migration of copper and cadmium negative correlation betweenefficiency, extending the length of the perennial stalk(scaffolding) could delay transfer to the result of a heavy metal cadmium.