Study On Planting Landscape Of Wetland Parks In Nansi Lake Area

The swelling population and growing economic have posed great threats to natural wetlands and their degeneration of ecological function has not been fundamental contained. The number of wetland parks has increased rapidly. Nansi Lake area locates in the transition zone of the north China plain in the southwest of Shandong province and Huanghuai plains. The built-up wetland parks in Nansi Lake area were chosen as the research area. This thesis explored the plant diversity, planting landscape characteristics and its influence on water quality and bird habitat of wetland parks in Nansi Lake area through field investigation and laboratory experiments and tried to give suggestions for the planting landscape planning of wetland parks in Nansi Lake area in the future. The main conclusions from the investigation are as the following:(1) A total of 249 species (including varieties and forms) belonging to 82 families and 196 genus were recorded, including 10 gymnosperms,236 angiosperms,3 ferns. Tree:shrub:vine: herb=3.2:2.4:l:11.2; evergreen:deciduous= 1:6.3. The advantage families were Compositae (11.24%) >Gramineae (8.83%)>Leguminosae (7.23%). Nearly half of the species are few and scattered distribution, including 46 monospecific families.(2) The diversity of herb was higher than the tree and shrub of terrestrial plant in the wetland park. The Patrick richness showed herb (6.7)> shrub (1.5)> tree (1.2). Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index showed different characteristics due to human disturbance intensity of each park. The result of species correlation analysis between the 21 dominants species of terrestrial plant in the wetland park showed that 16 pairs have significant or extremely significant positive correlation, and the competition of atural resources between most species was not intense.(3) A total of 43 species of aquatic maophytes belonging to 36 genera and 26 families were applied widely in the four wetland parks in Nansi Lake area, including 24 emergent plants,3 floating-leaved plants,3 floating plants and 8 submerged plants. The index of diversity of aquatic maophyte species was highest in Nymphaea tetragona association and lowest in Phragmites australis association. TN, TP and COD were extremely different among different maophyte associations (p< 0.05). TP and COD were much lower in the water nearby Phragmites australis (reduced by 97.40% and 44.70%) and Typha angustata (reduced by 95.30% and 35.60%) associations, while TN was lower in the water nearby Phragmites australis (reduced by 77.30%) and Zizania latifolia (reduced by 73.40%) associations, compared with CK.(4) 44 species of birds were recorded; Passeriformes, Ciconiiformes and Anseriformes contained more than half of the total. There are many summer resident birds, which given priority to Ardeidae species, permanent birds are given priority to Passeriformes species, winter resident birds are given priority to Anatidae species. The habitat of birds in the wetland park is roughly divided into five types: forest and brush, shallow and swamp, open water surface, reed marshes and small islands. The application and configuration of plants change according to the habitat types.(5) Some breakthroughs were made in coordinating the ornamental effect and ecological function of planting landscape of wetland parks in Nansi Lake area. Phragmites australis, Typha angustata, Nelumbo nucifera and other monodominant communities were typical wetland landscape. The applications of complicated structure composed of arbors, brushes, vines and grasses were rarely used in the limited land area. Woody plants were using as the framework, while herbal as the body. Flower border landscape and ornamental grass landscape also played a good role. However, the control of plant invasion and aquatic plants decay should be strengthening. This thesis recommended 141 species and 20 plant community models based on different hydrologic condition, habitat type, artificial disturbance intensity and landscape characteristics.The study may not only provide reference for plant landscape planning of wetland parks in Nansi Lake area in the future, but also may provide a new reference strategy for plant disposition of wetland park to construct the plant landscape with low maintenance and original ecology. It is an attempt to study on problems relating to both Ecology and Landscape Architecture.