| Water is the lifeblood of agriculture. The guanzhong region of shaanxi province is the important grain and oil origin. In recent years because of the reduced area rainfall and river water, unreasonable irrigation system and low utilization rate of water resources, jinghuiqu irrigation district faces problems like shortage of water resources and crop production reduced. To solve this problem, through field plot experiment in canal irrigation area of Jingyang County in Shaanxi province, the author did some text to research the effects of different irrigation schedules on winter wheat physiological growth, water demand regulation, yields, water use efficiency and economic benefits. Conclusions are as follows:1. The growth condition of winter wheat is highly affected by the water. Water treatment of over-wintering stage on winter wheat doesn’t impact the plant height, root stem, leaf and leaf sheath dry matter significantly. Winter wheat grows slowly, the consumption of water is rarely, the discretion of the soil moisture content is not the decisive factors influencing the growth condition of this phase on over-wintering stage. The soil water content on green-jointing stage has important significance to winter wheat. Under the condition of irrigation in over-wintering stage, the treatment of green- jointing stage irrigation has higher plant height, root stem, leaf and leaf sheath dry matter than that of no irrigation treatment on green-jointing stage. Compared with the over-wintering stage irrigation while no green- jointing stage irrigation treatment, the green- jointing stage irrigation while no over-wintering stage irrigation treatment, the plant height has no significant difference, aboveground dry matter accumulation of dry matter in root quantity is slightly different, but not dramatically. In harvesting stage, although different treatment has different irrigation quota, each organ of the overall proportion of basic trend was consistent, the root dry matter quality < the quality of leaf and leaf sheath dry matter < the quality of the stem dry matte<the spike dry matter quality. Under the same condition of no sufficient irrigation, over-wintering stage + green-jointing stage irrigation had highly plant height, canopy layer and root biomass.2. Winter wheat yield and Irrigation quota has a direct relationship, increasing water supply, production rose, but only within a certain range increasing trend and is not unlimited, winter wheat yield significantly lower without green returned stage and filling stage water supplying. Green returner stage irrigation significantly increased winter wheat ear grain number, and water shortage on filling stage shorted winter wheat grouting time, reduced the TKW, over-wintering stage irrigation does not play a significant stimulation effect on yield. And the over-wintering irrigation significantly increased the number of ear, but single panicle dry weight was significantly reduced, the yield is less than fully infuse water but the difference is not significant.3. The root-shoot ratio of winter wheat was reduced with the advance of growth stage, to achieve the lowest when the harvest. On grouting- mature stage, full irrigation treatment and no water supply treatment had the biggest root-shoot ratio and the two had no significant difference, the reason is that: the former got adequate water supply and root system and aboveground grow fast, the latter suffered water stress caused root system and aboveground grows slowly. And water stress led to the product of photosynthesis to the root of the distribution share increase, resulting in a larger root-shoot ratio.4. The different water supplying plays an important role in soil water storage of harvest stage. For the same water consumption, different irrigation period created different results. At harvest time,the treatment of green returned irrigation and filling stage irrigation had a bigger soil reservoir capacity.Under the condition of the same irrigation quota, the prophase drought reduce soil moisture content, irrigation can improve the irrigation water storage in soil. From sowing to green- jointing stage it rains little, irrigation can improve the growth period of water consumption, daily water consumption and water consumption mode coefficient. From green-jointing stage to filling stage, winter wheat grow quickly, the growth period of water consumption, daily water consumption and water consumption mode coefficient is very big but had small difference between the various during this period. It’s one of the fastest period of growth from green-jointing stage to filling stage, irrigating on filling stage can dramatically improve the growth period of water consumption, daily water consumption and water consumption mode coefficient.5. There is a linear correlation between crop water consumption and crop yield. Under the condition of water stress, increasing water supply, production rose, but only within a certain range increasing trend and is not unlimited, when winter wheat got the maximum yield, all the water consumption during the whole growth period is about 6200-68003 m /h3 m.6. Between the different irrigation treatments, no irrigation during the whole stages saved the most water, but lost the most production. While it’s water use efficiency(WUE) is higher. Irrigation during the whole stages saved the least water, but it had the highest yield, while it had the least water use efficiency(WUE). On other water deficit conditions, turning-green stage + grouting stage irrigation had a higher yield, and it has the highest water use efficiency(WUE).7. According to three methods of rationality of discriminant for deficit irrigation, treatments of over-wintering irrigation + filling stage irrigation and over-wintering irrigation + green-turned stage irrigation are unreasonable. Other treatments are all reasonable. So water deficit during turning-green stage and filling stage must be avoided, or winter wheat grain yield will be greatly affected.8. The formulation of winter wheat irrigation system should be based on the production target. When we are pursuing the maximum yield, water treatment in the whole stages should be taken as the reasonable irrigation system. When we are pursuing the maximum water use efficiency(WUE), turning-green stage and filling stage irrigation is the most suitable irrigation system. |
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