| The pond apuaculture yield accounted for 48% of total aquaculture yield in China. However, there are serious problems for the application of traditional pond apuaculture models, such as serious pond apuaculture self-pollution, diseases broken out frequently and environment pollution in surrounding water by untreated wastewater discharged directly. In order to promote the sustainable development of pond aquaculture, it’s necessary to research and develop resources saving and environment friendly low-carbon aquaculture new models. Based on the pond biofilm low-carbon apuaculture technology created by our research group, some aquaculture new models had been established and applied in this study, such as the indoor factory Anguilla marmorata biofilm low-carbon culture new model, the earthern pond Paramisgurnus dabryanus biofilm low-carbon culture new model, the earthern pond Penaeus vannamei Boone & Ctenopharyngodon idellus biofilm low-carbon culture new model and the cement pond Anguilla marmorata biofilm low-carbon culture new model, the results are as follows:1. The effect on the application of the indoor factory Anguilla marmorata biofilm low-carbon culture new modelThe daily water exchange rate in the treatment was 2.5%, in the control 18.75%, and there were significant differences(P<0.05).Water saved and effluence reduced rate about 87.5% in the treatment than the control.The water ammonia nitrogen concentration and sulfide concentration in the treatment were significantly lower than the control by 40% and 37.5% respectively(P<0.01); total nitrogen concentration, nitrite nitrogen concentration and total phosphorus concentration in the treatment were significantly lower than the control by 21%, 22.2% and 21% respectively(P<0.05); p H, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, soluble reactived phosphorus and COD between the treatment and control were not significantly different(P>0.05).The heterotrophic bacteria in the treatment significant higher than the control by 73.6%(P<0.01); Total number of bacteria and nitrifying bacteria number in the treatment significantly higher than the control group by 40.2% and 33.3%(P<0.05); Vibrio number, denitrifying bacteria number in the treatment were not significantly different(P>0.05).Biofilm bacteria and the total number of heterotrophic bacteria were 1.12×106 cfu/g and 0.87×106 cfu/g, vibrio number is 0.The pool specifications, yield and growth rate in the treatment group were significantly higher than the control by 34.17%, 19.7% and 36.7%(P<0.01)respectively; The bait coefficient in the treatment is significantly lower than the control by 8.86%(P<0.05).2. The earthern pond Paramisgurnus dabryanus biofilm low-carbon culture new modelThe daily water exchange rate in the treatment was 0.02%, in the control 0.19%, and there were significant differences(P<0.01). Water saved and effluence reduced rate about 91% in the treatment than the control.The water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity and COD between the treatment and control were not significantly different(P>0.05); nitrate, nitrite nitrogen concentration and ammonia nitrogen concentration in the treatment significantly lower than the control by 23.8%, 30.7% and 23.8% respectively(P<0.05); Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble reactived phosphorus in the treatment significantly lower than the control group 26.9%,41.3% and 26.9% respectively(P<0.01).The heterotrophic bacteria in the treatment significant higher than the control by 35.3%(P<0.01) and has achieved 105 CFU/ml; Total number of bacteria is significantly higher than the control by 17.4%(P<0.05); Vibrio number in the treatment was significantly lower than the control by 29.0%(P<0.05). Treatment group the biofilm water gate in the pond the biofilm area 29800 m2. During the test, density of algae and cyanobacteria relative density in the treatment was significantly lower than the control by 43.6% and 58.8% respectively(P<0.01); The green algae in the treatment was significantly higher than the control by 36.1%(P<0.05). Treatment group of green algae of the advantages of algae as grid and bacillariophyta boat shape algae; Control group advantage effects of chlorophyta diamond algae scenedesmus, bacillariophyta and cyanophyta microcystin algae.The pool size and growth rate in the treatment were significantly higher than the control by 22.9% and 22.2% respectively(P<0.01); The yield in the treatment was significantly higher than the control by 11.0%(P<0.05); Bait coefficient in the treatment is significantly lower than the control group 17%(P<0.05).3. The earthern pond Penaeus vannamei Boone & Ctenopharyngodon idellus biofilm low-carbon culture new modelThe daily water exchange rate in the treatment was 0.02%, in the control 0.19%, and there were significant differences(P<0.01). Water saved and effluence reduced rate about 91% in the treatment than the control.The p H, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate, COD and soluble received phosphorus in the treatment were reach the national fishery water quality standard. The water total nitrogen, soluble received phosphate and COD were significantly lower than the control by 39.2%, 45.1% and 22.8%(P<0.01); Ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate in the treatment were significantly lower than the control by 28.9%, 52.2%, 21.1% and 37.5%(P<0.05).The total number of bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria in the treatment were significantly higher than the control by 21% and 40.2%,the vibrio Numbers in the treatment were significantly lower than the control by 28.9%.Biofilm bacteria and the total number of heterotrophic bacteria were 4.17×108 cfu/g and 1.26×108 cfu/g, vibrio number is 0.The average shrimp, fish products, fish and shrimp, shrimp catching specifications and shrimp farming survival rate in the treatment were significantly higher than the control by 45.5%, 20.5%, 36.6%, 14.2% and 24.8%(P<0.05); The average bait coefficient in the teratment was lower than the control by 25.2%(P<0.01).4. The cement pond Anguilla marmorata biofilm low-carbon culture new modelThe daily water exchange rate in the treatment was 10%, in the control 32.6%, and there were significant differences(P<0.05). Water saved and effluence reduced rate about 69.3% in the treatment than the control.The water nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and soluble reactived phosphorus in the treatment were significantly lower than the control group 60.99%, 56.4% and 54.1%(P<0.01). Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and turbidity in the treatment was significantly lower than the control by 32.4%, 41.12% and 57.19%(P<0.05); Nitrate nitrogen, COD, sulfur and total alkalinity were not significantly different(P>0.05). The water p H in the treatment was stable than the control, the water oxygen in the treatment was significantly higher than the control.During the test, the water total bacterial count and heterotrophic bacteria in the treatment were significantly higher than the control group by 77.7% and 57.2%(P<0.05). The number of microbial biofilms on the order of magnitude of 109 CFU/g. Water processing group of the communist party of China to detect the five categories of a total of 30 kinds of planktonic algae, including 7 green algae, diatoms, 9 species and the number of cyanobacteria have only one; Comparison, a total of 27 kinds, check out all kinds of algae, diatoms, only green algae five six, five kinds of cyanobacteria. But the treatment group had a significantly higher density of algae control, easy to secrete the toxic cyanobacteria species number is decreased obviously.The experiment at the end of the treatment group cement pool flower Anguilla marmorata yield per acre, 333.5 kg; The average catch specifications, growth rate in the treatment were significantly higher than the control by 43.6%, 97.3%(P<0.01); the bait coefficient in the treatment group was significant lower than the contrl by 11.5(P<0.01).To sum up, the established breeding new patterns in this study, demonstrate the results of breeding were obtained significant water saving and emissions reduction, improved quality, and enhance the survival rate of breeding, reduce the bait coefficient and improve the effect of yield has wide application prospect of promotion. |
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