Quality Control And Resource Utilization Of Tussilago FarfarfL

Ethnopharmacology:Tussilago farfara L. is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which could moisten lung, relieve cough and reduce sputum. It is traditionally deem that the Tussilago farfara L. which is red and has big bud, shorter pedicel is the best; which is light red or yellow is the average; which comes with the peduncle or has blossomed could not be used. Tussilago farfara L. is planted in a wide range, there are Tussilago farfara L. of different producing areas in the market, the grade standard judging according to the characteristics and the homogeneity of different producing area need to be explained scientifically.In Chinese traditional medicine using experience, Tussilago farfara L. is only used when it are buds, but in Europe and North America, the flowers and leaves are more commonly used. The safety and effectiveness of Tussilago farfara’L. leaves replacing buds need to be assessed scientifically.Objective:Quality assessment was made on Tussilago farfara’L. of different characteristics and the producing area to explain the scientific connotation of assessing quality according to the characteristics and assess the homogeneity of different producing area.Methods:Different part of Tussilago farfara L. of different characteristics and from different producing areas were studied in this project. Metabolomics was used in the assessment on different Tussilago farfara L. samples, as well as the metabolites of control animals after Tussilago farfara L. administration. Two animal models, ammonia induced mice coughing model and volume of phenol red in mice’s tracheas were used to assess the safety and diversity of Tussilago farfara L.Results:1. Tussilago farfara L. of different characteristics showed different metabolome chemical information, the concentration of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutin, tussilagone in purple buds are higher than those of yellow buds. Rutin,3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, tussilagone showed high correlation with the expelling phlegm ability, suggesting that purple buds are better than yellow buds.2.The comparison of water, petroleum ether,n-butanol extraction of Tussilago farfara L. from 4 different producing areas were compared, the results of principle component analysis showed that the Tussilago farfara L. from Inner Mongolia Province, Shanxi Province, Gansu Province could separate significantly from that of Hebei Province, suggesting the chemical component are different. The level of creatine, choline, Pho-choline, Malic acid and some other amino acids is higher, while the level of sucrose in the sample of the other three provinces is higher. The samples of n-butanol extracts and petroleum ether-extract showed some difference. After administration of Tussilago farfara L. from different producing areas, the metabolism of control animals demonstrated that the Hebei sample were differed from others, which was in accordance with the results of chemical differences.3. After 16 day administration of Tussilago farfara L. buds and leaves water extraction, the biochemical criterions and histopathology suggested no difference, the metabonomics analysis showed that there were oxidative stress in the drug administration animals, suggested that safety lied in certain dosage range, risk might exist when administration in large dose and long time. The comparison of buds high, middle and low dosage showed no difference from those of leaves, suggesting no safety difference.4. The water extraction, petroleum ether-extract and n-butanol extracts of Ziwan San using Tussilago farfara L. buds and leaves were analyzed by metabolomics, respectively. The results showed that there were differences in the chemical component of Tussilago farfara L. buds and leaves. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of these formulas were made through two animal models, ammonia induced mice coughing model and volume of phenol red in mice’s tracheas, result showed that the water extraction of leaves formula served the comparable effect on relieving cough and eliminating phlegm.This project analyzed the difference of Tussilago farfara L. from different producing area with different characteristics on the aspect of chemical component and in vivo diversity, explained the scientific connotation of evaluating the quality in accordance with the characteristics, assessed the homogeneity of Tussilago farfara L Metabolomics coupled with animal models were used to analysis the safety and diversity of Tussilago farfara L. buds and leaves, the results suggested that there were no difference on the safety of Tussilago farfara L. buds and leaves.The formula using buds and leaves showed some differences in chemical component, but the ability of relieving cough and eliminating phlegm is comparable. The research laid foundation for the reasonable and expanding usage of Tussilago farfara L.