Studies On Highly Effective Cultivation Technique Of Direct-seeding And Vegetable-oil Rape

That is urgent need to develop efficient broadcast technology, because of more labor and low plant efficiency of rapeseed seedling transplanting. To improve economic status, direct-seedling rapeseed vegetable-oil key technologies were studied. Seed germination tests were performed with different sowing date, soaking treatment and covering methods to explore the integrated technology promoting direct-seeding rape seeding emergence. In this research we study the effect of different sowing date, planting density on growing process, rapeseeds yield and economic benefit of vegetable-oil rapeseed, to propose the suitable sowing date, planting density and stalk picking time.The main results as follows:1. Soaking, ditching, soil covering are conducive to the emergence of direct-seeding rape under late sowing.Emergence speed of the control treatment slightly slower than the soaking treatment at the first sowing date(1st, Oct.), but there was no significant difference about emergence rate between treatments at 5th day after sowing. In the late sowing date(1st, Nov.), the emergence speed of soaking seeds was faster than CK, and the germination rate is always higher, and ultimately reached a significant level.In the no soaking treatment, the emergence rate of ditching and clay covering treatment was the highest, followed by ditching and field soil covering, ditching and sand covering treatment. The emergence rate of ditching and field soil covering treatment was the highest in the soaking treatment, and other covering treatment slightly higher than uncovered.2. The growth process of rapeseed delayed after stalk-pickedYears results showed that after stalk-picked treatment, the bolting stage prolonged, flowering stage delayed, podding stage shortened, the whole growth period delayed 1-10 d. And the seeding stage is shorter, the bolting-flowering stage prolonged is more obvious.Affected by climate, the regularity of qinza No.7 are inconsistent among sowing dates. The days of seedling stage gradually increased with the increase of the density, and there are an increasing trend in the days of whole growth period.3. The agronomic characters of rapeseed changed by stalk-picked treatment and a significant increase in the number of secondary branchesEffect of stalk-picked on root-stem diameter of Qinza No.7 at the last two sowing date is thinner than CK, however, other treatment are conversely. The change of root-stem diameter with the delay of sowing date are irregular. In stalk-picked treatment, the first branch was Reduced significantly and the pod number of 1st branch was decreased too, the secondary branch was increased significantly and pod number of secondary branch was increased substantially, seed number per pod and 1000-grain weight are both Reduced. With the planting density increase, root-stem diameter of stalk-picked rapeseed reduced, pod number of branch increased, a significant difference among varieties. The grain contribution rate of 1st branch was increased with the increasing of planting density, but the grain contribution rate of secondary branch on the contrary, the former is always larger than the latter.4. The effect of stalk-picked treatment on rapeseed yield varies according to different rapeseed varietiesThere is a very significant difference of yield among varieties in the unpicked treatment, the highest average yield was Huaza 62, followed by Zhongyou 116, while the lowest was Qinza No.7. In the stalk-picked treatment, yield of Huaza 62 remains the highest, significantly dropped with CK. The heaviest yield reduction occurred on Zhongyou116, declining of Qinza No.7 was slightly.5. Sowing date and planting density significantly impacted the stalk yield and the picking peak periodWith the delayed of sowing date, the stalk yield of Qinza No.7 was increasing and Zhongyou116 was first decreased then increased. The average stalk yield of Huaza 62 was the highest, the variation of stalk yield is just contrast with Qinza No.7. Except Qinza No.7, there is a significance difference among sowing date and varieties. The picking peak period distributed in 2013/11/21-2014/2/15, and delayed with sowing postponed. No significant difference of the picking peak period among planting densities, it’s slightly ahead at high density. The highest stalk yield are located at moderate and high density conditions, the difference among densities are significant.6. The economic benefit of all varieties have been increased significantly after doing stalk-picked treatmentIn sowing date test, the highest average economic benefit was Huaza 62 after doing stalk-picked treatment, but the increased economic benefit was less, there has extremely significant difference compared with control treatment. All of the three varieties, the highest increased economic benefit was Zhongyou 116, while q Qingza 7 also has very significant increased.In density test, all of the six varieties, under the condition of moderate and high density(225,000 plants/ha – 300,000 plants/ha), the economic benefit were highest. While the same variety has significant difference during different sowing date, the density has a significant influence on the economic benefits.Suitable sowing date of each variety: Huaza 62 is September 20, Zhongyou 116 is September 20, and Qingza 7 is October 5th. The suitable planting density of vegetable-oil rapeseed is 225,000 plants/ha – 300,000 plants/ha.