| Nowadays ensuring the quality and standardization of Chinese herbal medicines and improving its safty, effection and stability has become the key factors to achieve the improvement of Chinese herbal medicines. But the disease and pests occurred on Chinese herbal medicines has seriously affected the qualities, which has become an important reason which has limited the development of Chinese herbal medicines. In recent years, the expanding planting of Bupleurum falcatum L.,which has high economic benefits, has caused disease and insect pests seriously.B.falcatum L. is Umbelliferae perennial herb, which is commonly used in China. The root, stem and leaves can be used as medicine. At present it is planted in many parts of the country, and has become one of the highest production of Chinese herbal medicines.However, only little information about its germination has been informed, and nearly none about the pest control about B. falcatum L. This survey investigated the B. falcatum L. in Baoding. The characteristic of insects population in B. falcatum L. was described about the structure composition and diversity. This study also researched the spatial distribution pattern, occurrence dynamics, morphology, habits and other ecologic-biological characteristics of main pests, which provide a theoretical foundation on non-pollution control for B. falcatum L. Results were as follows:1. During the B. falcatum L. growing, 62 species of Arthropods, 9 order, 40 family, 59 species of Insects, 1 family 1 species of Acarina and 1 family 2 species of Araneae were discovered. The species such as Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera were various, the percentage were respectively 23.81%, 14.29%, 14.29%, 11.90%. Many of Diptera insects were neutral insects. Most of Lepidoptera and Hemiptera were pests.Natural enemies composed the majority of Hymenoptera. In terms of the number of individual, the percentage of Thysanoptera and Lepidoptera were the highest, which were42.85% and 25.47% respectively.2. The diversity and spatial pattern of insect pests and natural enemies in B.falcatum L.were analyzed. The results indicated that the species richness index and dominance index of Lepidoptera were the highest in pests, which were 0.7292 and 0.2879, respectively. That is to say, there is a large number and a wide variety of the pests of Lepidoptera, which leads to a high species richness index and dominance index. Although the species of Thysanoptera was single, but it had a large number and high dominance index. The richness index, dominace index and evenness of Hymenoptera were the highest in naturalenemy insects, which were 0.4167, 0.0179 and 0.0534, respectively. The space of pests in field of B.falcatum L. was aggregated. D. falkovitchi Lvovsky larva and Bupleurum thrips in field of B. falcatum L. were similar to uniform using indexes of C, C*, CA and analysis of Iwao and Taylor. D. falkovitchi L. larva was aggregated distribution in 22 times of 26 investigations from June 15 th to October 20 th. Bupleurum thrips was aggregated distribution in 13 investigations from June 5th to August 10 th.3. The larvae of D. falkovitchi L. mainly attacked B. falcatum L.. The larvae appeared in the middle of June and pupated at the end of September, which occured 3 full incidence periods one year: early July, late July and early September. The most serious damage and fastigium happened from the end of August to the early of September. The spawning period of D.falkovitchi L. lasted 3-4 d; larval phase lasted 15-20 d, 18 d in average and was divided into five stadiums; average pupal stage lasted 7 d; eclosion ratio between adult male and female was close to 1: 1. Life of female adult was 22.5 d averagely,longer than that of male adult(17.6 d). Egg numbers oviposited by one female was 46-374 and 143.67 averagely. The peak time of egg production was at the 11 th day after eclosion,and the average egg production reached 22.5 one day. The period of spawning could last about 15 d.4. The larvae and adults of Bupleurum thrips and aphid all can damage B.falcatum L..Bupleurum thrips began activity in late May, and as the temperature increasing, the number of the thrips raised, then reached the peak in mid to late July. It was gradually reducing to death in mid-August. Bupleurum aphid began activity in the end of May, then the number gradually reduced in the end of June, but again began to increase in late July, and reached the peak by the end of August. Then with the appearance of natural enemy, the number of Bupleurum aphid sharp declined.5. Pesticide selection on the main pest of B. falcatum L. was conducted. The result showed that after 72 h of pesticide treatments, the lethality of 3000 dilution of 1.1%emamectin EC, 1000 dilution of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC, 3000 dilution of 2%avermectins EC, and 2500 dilution of 40% phoxim were 100%. The lethality of 1500 dilution of 5% chlorantraniliprole SC and 1000 dilution of 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin ME weremore than 90%. |
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