The Selections Of Earth Bund Plants And Their Benefit Evaluations In The Black Soil Region Of Northeast China

As one of the country’s most important crop production areas, the black soil region in northeast China has been seriously affected by soil erosion. Soil erosion was obviously different from other regions, mainly determined by unique topography, soil, rainfall characteristics, the characteristics of farming. The black soil region in Northeast China was obviously different with other regions. Its soil erosion control measures in sloping farmland, such as terraces, planting cross slope and earth bund, were the most common and effective measures, and variously different other region in China. However, whether the construction of earth bund or terracing, more than 5% of farmland was lost, which were not acceptable to farmers. Hence it was a major obstacle factor of the soil and water conservation. By three years long-term field experiment, higher conservation benefits and better economic benefits of earth bunds plants suitable for the northeast black soil region were selected by this study. Our objective is to recommend vegetations which suitably plant on earth bund and has high benefits in northeast of China.(1) Asparagus, big fruit hazelnut, rhubarb, day lily, color-protecting reagent, lanterns fruit, Chinese wolfberry, black currant, raspberry, strawberry, alfalfa, oriental goat beans were selected primarily from more than 50 kinds of northeast wild native species, the local cultivars and external species as the spare resources according to the introduction of the principle of the selections of earth bund plants, including the biological characteristics, water conservation benefit characteristics, economic characteristics, and consideration of the various factors in experimental area(climate condition, soil condition) combining with the original information and reference to the experts. To evaluate water conservation and economic benefit of the earth bund plants, selected suitable to plant on the earth bund in region of the northeast black soil.(2) Through soil erosion monitoring to the earth bund plants for 3 years showed that: the earth bund plants could effectively reduce soil erosion influence by rainfall on the ridge, some plants in the third year of planting arrived steady state, ridge soil erosion indicators(runoff coefficient, soil erosion modulus) could be achieved without erosion of state, only few plants in pelting rain and heavy rains occurred ridge soil erosion, and runoff and soil erosion modulus coefficient were very small, such as rhubarb runoff coefficient and soil erosion modulus were 0.08 %, 2.11 t/km2/a, respectively.The simulation processes of washing plant roots induced rain by original soil anti-erosion test results showed that the different plants and earth bund slopes have significant differences on soil anti-scourability. The effects of the earth plants roots on soil anti-scourabilities were very obvious. Alfalfa could be chose as slope protection plant. The building of earth bund should keep bund slope not too steep, otherwise it would affect the ability of the soil and water conservation.Soil physical and chemical condition performed well by the field plants, which increased the soil water holding capacity of the earth bund, and improved water storage capacity in the adjacent field, reasonable improved the soil structure and the soil fertility.(3) Introduction of the earth bund plants not only highlighted the benefits of soil and water conservation, but also gained economic benefits, as rhubarb annual revenue was about 10000 yuan per kilometer.(4) To evaluate system of the earth bund plants, asparagus, hazelnut, rhubarb, aralia elata seem, black currant, raspberry, alfalfa, higher comprehensive benefit indexed, could be used as plants preferred field bund in the black soil region. Lanterns fruit, day lily and Chinese wolfberry, could be used as alternative plants, due to its specific factors. Special treatment is needed in order to ensure its normal growth, and less prominent in soil and water conservation or economic benefits, such as day lily, though a good growth, and was not affected by the weeds, but its plant population canopy was poorer, economic output was not high also. Strawberries and oriental goat beans performance in all aspects were poor, not recommended for planting in the northeast ridge.