Effect Of Cluster Thinning And Training System On Fatty Acids Of Cabernet Sauvignon Berry Seeds

Fatty acid was main composition of grape seeds endosperm, it played an important role on berry development and formation of flavor compounds in ripening berries. Different cultivation measures could effectively regulated the vegetative and reproductive growth, being widely used to control grape yield and improve grape and wine quality. Recently, most of research was concentrated on how cultivation measures impact grape yield, maturity and phenolic compounds, etc. But rare report about the effective of cultivation measures on fatty acid of grape, seeds especially.The two-year cluster thinning and training system experiment was conducted on Cabernet Sauvignon vines in two commercial vineyards called Yuanyi and Guangdong farm, located in Manasi county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. That was 1 cluster per shoot(CT1), 1.5 cluster per shoot(CT2), 2 cluster per shoot(CT3) and modified vertical shoot position(M-VSP), fan training system with two trunks(F-TT), fan training system with multiple-trunks(F-MT). Sampling at different developmental phase respectively, that was enlargement period, veraison, beginning of maturity and the ripeness. The physical and chemical indicators, such as berry weight, berry volume, seeds number, seed weight, pH value, soluble solids concentration, titratable acid, were detected. Then berry seeds were separated, Medium and long chain fatty acids were extracted by solvent and ultrasound-assisted extraction method, and detected by GC-MS, then the substances were qualitative and quantified, analysis the effective of different cluster thinning and training system on fatty acid of grape seeds accumulate regulation during development of grapes and the composition and content of fatty acid in ripening grape seeds. Results indicated that,(1) the berry weight of different cultivition patterns in year 2011 was exceed to that in year 2012, while soluble solids concentration and titratable acid concentration in year 2011 was inferior to that in year 2012.(2) the content of total fatty acid in seeds was increased with the development of grapes from Yuanyi farm in year 2011, while it was rised in the first stage, and then decreased in year 2012. The total fatty acid content in grape seeds was increased at first and then decrease in the process of berry growth from Guangdong farm in year 2011 as well as year 2012. The effective of three cluster thinning treatments on the accumulate regulation of total fatty acid made a different performance in different years as well as different farms, while the total fatty acid content displayed a marked difference between years. The effective of cluster thinning treatments on fatty acids composition and total fatty acid content of ripening grape seeds from two farms various in years 2011 and 2012. Fatty acid unsaturated degree of CT1 and CT2 from Yuanyi farm in year 2011 was over than that in year 2012, while the CT3 was opposite. Fatty acid unsaturated degree of CT1, CT2 and CT3 from Guangdong farm in year 2011 was below than that in year 2012. In year 2012, the effective of cluster thinning treatment on the total fatty acid content in ripening grape seeds was consistent between Yuaiyi farm and Guangdong farm, the order of total fatty acid with cluster thinning treatment from high to low was CT3, CT1 and CT2. The result of two-ways ANOVA analysis on year and cluster thinning treatment showed that, total fatty acid content in ripening grape seeds was effected more obvious by factor of year than cluster thinning treatment.(3) total fatty acid was accumulate constantly during development of grapes with different training systems. The effective of 3 training systems on fatty acid content was difference in year 2011 and 2012, the fatty acid content in year 2011 was higher than that in year 2012, the fatty acid composition with different training systems in year 2011 did not show evident distinction. The unsaturated degree of fatty acid with M-VSP was inferior to F-TT and F-MT in year 2012, the saturated fatty acid content with F-TT and F-MT in year 2011 was higher than that in year 2012, the unsaturated fatty acid in year 2011 was under that in year 2012. The total fatty acid in ripening grape seeds with different training systems in year 2011 from high to low was M-VSP, F-MT and F-TT in turn, while it was F-TT and F-MT exceeded M-VSP in year 2012; In addition, The analysis of Two ANOVA indicated that, the effective of the year and training systems on the difference of fatty acid content of ripening grape seeds was non-significant.