Molecular Cytogenetic Studies On Derivatives Of Wheat-Psathyrostachys Huashanica

Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng(2n=2 x=14 NsNs), a diploid perennial herbaceous plants(Psathyrostachys nevski, Hordeinae, tribe Triticeae, family Poaceae), is only locted in China. It is characterized by high quality, drought tolerance, cold resistance, early maturity and also resistance to stripe rust, powdery mildew, take-all, scab, so it is an important genetic resources for wheat improvement. Chromosome engineering can transfer genes of P.huashanica to wheat, from which can get new germplasm such as addition lines, substitution lines, translocation lines. Derivatives of wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng H1-1-3-1-9-8, H10-1-2-1-3-1 and H1-1-1-1-9-1 were studied by aid of morphologic, cytological, in situ hybridization, EST-SSR, EST-STS molecular markers and SDS-PAGE. Results are as follows:(1) H1-1-1-1-9-1 was similar to 7182 in spike length and awn type. It had similar kernels per spikelet, ear type to P. huashanica, and spikelet per spike, 1000-grain weight between parents. The disease resistance indicated that P. huashanica was immune to powdery mildew and stripe rust, but H1-1-1-1-9-1 were susceptibility. By analysis of cytology, it was showed that the configuration was 2n= 54. Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) analysis showed that the materials have ten Ns chromosomes, and FISH indicated four 4A chromosomes. Select 68 pairs of EST-STS and EST-SSR markers which distributed seven wheat homoeologous groups to identify H1-1-1-1-9-1, results showed that markers which respectively mapped on homoeologous group 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 chromosomes could amplify specific bands of P. huashanica in it. By SDS-PAGE, H1-1-1-1-9-1 had unique bands to P. huashanica in glutenin subunit. The results showed that H1-1-1-1-9-1 was a wheat-P. huashanica multiple addition line with 1Ns, 2Ns, 3Ns, 5Ns and 7Ns chromosome.(2) H1-1-3-1-9-8 1000-grain weight was 44.2 g, superior to the parents. H10-1-2-1-3-1 stem length was 53 cm, characterized by dwarf. There were obvious differences between H1-1-3-1-9-8 and H10-1-2-1-3-1 in stem length, spikelet per spike, 1000-grain weight and ear type. The disease resistance indicated that H1-1-3-1-9-8 and H10-1-2-1-3-1 were susceptibility to powdery mildew and stripe rust. By analysis of cytology, H1-1-3-1-9-8 and H10-1-2-1-3-1 were showed that the configuration was 2n= 44= 22Ⅱ. Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) analysis showed that the materials have a pair of Ns chromosome with yellow-green signals. There were 7 markers which mapped on homoeologous group 1 chromosomes amplified specific bands of P. huashanica in H1-1-3-1-9-8 and 8 markers which mapped on homoeologous group 7 chromosomes amplified specific bands of P. huashanica in H10-1-2-1-3-1. By SDS-PAGE, H1-1-3-1-9-8 had unique bands to P. huashanica in glutenin subunit. The results showed that H1-1-3-1-9-8 was a wheat-P. huashanica 1Ns disomic alien addition line, H10-1-2-1-3-1 was a wheat-P. huashanica 7Ns disomic alien addition line.