Polymorphism Analysis Of Glutenin Subunits In Wheat From South Yellow And Huai Valley Facultative Wheat Region In China

The storage proteins of wheat include glutenin and prolamine. Low molecular weight glutenin subunits( LMW-GS) and high molecular weight glutenin subunits( HMW-GS) constitute glutenin, and they are the main composition of storage proteins in wheat. The content and composition of glutenin subunits have a significant influence on processing properties and gluten quality, which become the important research on the genetic improvement of wheat quality traits. One of the significant food crops in Yellow and Huai Valley Facultative Wheat region in China is wheat,and wheat cultivars( lines) bred from this region have been a great role in the breeding and production in our country. In this paper, 356 wheat cultivars( lines) in 8 provinces from South Yellow and Huai Valley Facultative Wheat region in China were characterized for the composiyion of HMW-GS and LMW-GS by STS allele-specific molecular markers and SDS-PAGE. The results of this experiment were below.1. Three types subunits existed at the Glu-A1 in South Yellow and Huai Valley Facultative Wheat region in China. Null(42.4%), 1(57.0%) and 2*(0.562%) were detected at Glu-A1. At the Glu-B1, there were five subunits: 17+18(1.40%), 7+8(25.8%), 7+9(61.8%), 13+16(8.99%) and 14+15(1.97%). At the Glu-D1, only two subunits 5+10(41.6%) and 2+12(58.4%) existed. Nineteen combinations and ten types of subunits were tested at the Glu-1. The subunit combinations for 1/7+9/2+12(19.9%), Null/7+9/2+12(16.9%) and 1/7+9/5+10(15.7%) had higher frequencies than others.2. The distribution of subunit types at the Glu-1 in South Yellow and Huai Valley Facultative Wheat region in China had differences. At the Glu-A1, The frequency of subunit Null was higher than subunit 1 in Shaanxi and Shandong; subunit 1 was higher than subunit Null in Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Hebei; the superior subunit 2* was only found in Henan and Shaanxi. At the Glu-B1, subunit 7+9 had the highest frequency in Henan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong and Hebei; subunit 7+9 ranked second. There were no superior subunit 14+15 in both Jiangsu and Hebei, and 17+18 existed in Anhui and Shandong. At the Glu-D1, the frequency of 2+12 was higher than 5+10 in Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and Hebei, and the other provinces had the opposite result.3. The average score of quality was 7.36 at the Glu-1, including 2.14 at Glu-A1, 2.38 at Glu-B1 and 2.83 at Glu-D1 in South Yellow and Huai Valley Facultative Wheat region in China. In Henan and Shaanxi wheats, the score was 7.59 and 6.79, including 2.34 and 1.84 at Glu-A1, 2.31 and 2.46 at Glu-B1, 2.95 and 2.48 at Glu-D1, respectively.4. Four types of subunits were detected at the Glu-A3 in South Yellow and Huai Valley Facultative Wheat region in China. They were Glu-A3a(12.1%), Glu-A3b(13.5%), Glu-A3c(41.0%) and Glu-A3d(33.4%) at Glu-A3. There were eight types of subunits at the Glu-B3. Glu-B3a(8.71%), Glu-B3b(8.99%), Glu-B3d(23.0%), Glu-B3f(7.30%), Glu-B3g(3.65%), Glu-B3h(3.65%), Glu-B3i(0.281%) and Glu-B3j(42.1%) at Glu-B3 were tested. There were 3 types of subunits at the Glu-D3. Glu-D3a(40.2%) 、 Glu-D3b(29.8%) and Glu-D3c(30.0%) were found. There were fifteen types and sixty-six combinations at Glu-3 loci. The frequencies of subunits combinations for Glu-A3d/Glu-B3j/Glu-D3b(4.49%), Glu-A3c/Glu-B3j/Glu-D3c( 4.21%) Glu-A3c/Glu-B3j/Glu-D3a(10.7%) and Glu-A3d/Glu-B3j/Glu-D3a(5.06%) at Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 loci were higher than others. The frequency of thirty combinations was more than 1%.5. The frequencies of the types of subunits at the Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 in Henan and Shaanxi wheats were different. The frequencies of Glu-A3a、Glu-A3b、Glu-A3 c and Glu-A3 d at Glu-A3 locus in Henan were 12.5%, 16.1%, 42.7% and 28.6%, respectively; 12.6%, 10.5%, 38.9% and 37.9% in Shaanxi, respectively. At the Glu-B3, in Henan the allelic variations of Glu-B3 a, Glu-B3 b, Glu-B3 d, Glu-B3 f, Glu-B3 g, Glu-B3 h, Glu-B3 i and Glu-B3 j were 8.33%, 10.4%, 19.3%, 7.81%, 4.69%, 3.13%, 0 and 46.4%; in Shaanxi 12.6%, 6.32%, 30.5%, 3.16%, 8.42%, 4.21%, 0 and 34.7%, respectively. The alleles of Glu-D3 a, Glu-D3 b and Glu-D3 c at Glu-D3 in Henan were 47.4%, 24.0% and 28.6%, respectively; 32.6%, 34.7% and 32.6% in Shaanxi, respectively.In this research, the composition and distribution of HMW-GS from South Yellow and Huai Valley Facultative Wheat region in China was detected by SDS-PAGE. Distribution and composition of the allelic subunits of LMW-GS at Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci was also tested in South Yellow and Huai Valley Facultative Wheat region in China by STS markers and the allelic variations at Glu-D3 were detected by SDS-PAGE to analyze all the alleles at Glu-3. The results described will have importances for the improvement in wheat quality.