Pollen Characteristics And Breeding Compatibility Of Artemisia Annua L.

Artemisia annua L. is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, its leaves and bud contain artemisinin as the primary source of medical artemisinin. Though artemisinin could be getted by chemical synthesis, but its synthetic steps is relatively complex and it is not conductive in industrial production. So the present medical artemisinin raw material still comes from the direct extraction of artemisinin. This paper research and analyze the biological character of blossom and compatibility of Artemisia annua L., the three accessions are Y03 with green stem,Y05 with yellow-green stem and Y07 with purple-red stem from the Test Base Southwestern University, mainly researched the flowering phenology, the pollens in vitro culture, the pollens storage, the stigma receptivity and the compatibility between accessions, expect to find some hybridization efficiency orientation, in order to provide the theory and practices for getting the accessions with higher artemisinin content. The results were as follow.Artemisia annua L. in inflorescence units,its is constituted of the outer female flowers wrapped the middle bisexual flowers,their flowering phenology are different,the flowering time are mainly between late September to October,Y03 with green stem and Y05 with yellow-green stem earlier than purple-red stem in flowering time,but their flowering days could sustain twenty days, purple-red stem can reach thrity days.The pollen viability of three accessions of Artemisia annua L. were detected by methods of I2-KI, TTC,4,4-diaminobiphenyl-1-Naphthol and pollen germination in vitro. The results indicated that the methods of I2-KI and TTC were unsuitable to reaction the test Artemisia annua L. pollen viability,4,4-diaminobiphenyl-1-Naphthol could measure the pollen viability, but the measured value was higher than that of pollen viability, the method of germination in vitro can react the accurate and reliable pollen viability.Slecting a liquid medium with ME3 as basic medium,to study the culture time, culture temperature, the medium components(sucrose, PEG,H3BO3,Ca2+) and other factors in germination vitro. The results showed that:The pollen germination rate was the highest 120 min later when cultured in vitro.20～25℃ were the optimum temperature for pollen germination, lower and higher temperatures are unfavorable to the in pollen germination in vitro. The optimal culture media was ME3+sugar (100 g/L)+PEG4000 (100 g/L). The pollen germination rates were not significantly influenced by H3BO3 and Ca2+. Pollens which be collectted at 10:00 and from light conditions good inflorescence with higher pollen germination rate.The study analyzed the pollen viability of three accessions of Artemisia annua L. in different storage condition as times changed. The results showed that:The pollen viability with a sharp decline along with time. The drying process significantly speeds up the loss of pollen viability. In the storage, temperature was the main factor, lower temperature was good for viability. Fresh pollen could only store 2 days at room temperature, its can store 3 days at 4℃and-19℃. After screening, 4℃ is more suitable for the storage of pollen.Determined with the benzidine-H2O2 method, the period of stigma receptivity of green stem and yellow-green stem lasted 8-10days, the stigma receptivity from10:00 to 16:00 is better than other period at one day. The outer female flowers had better stigma receptivity than the central bisexual flowers, and their stigma receptivity last 1-2 days longer than those of the central bisexual flowers. The study of compatibility have shown that within the plant self-incompatibility. Clonal populations are self-incompatibility. Artificial hybridization between heterogeneous populations groups could be implemented.