| Ficus microcarpas belonging to Ficus genus of Moraceae family are Fujian province’s main export flowers varieties.But as a result of a long time of sea transportation environment (about 30 d) which was lack of light and water that could make F. microcarpas leaves chlorisis and defoliation easily. Leaves chlorisis and defoliation could affect the landed goods traits and bring large economic loss to producers.In order to relief exported Ficus microcarpas leaves chlorisis and defoliation under dark stress during storage,which F. microcarpas (cion was Thailand banyan) as material and suppling light with 28 W fluorescent lamps and 20 W light emitting diode (LED), we investigated the effects of different supplemental lighting treatments on growth, physiology and biochemistry in leaves of F. microcarpas after simulative storage 28 d. And we compared optimal lighting solution of fluorescent lamps and LED from Light response curve, the parameters of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, ect. At the last,we put forward the optimal lighting solution of F. microcarpas during storage. The main research results were as follows:1. We investigated the effects of fluorescent lamps different supplemental lighting times lengths (0-12 h·d-1) on growth, physiology and biochemistry in leaves of F. microcarpas after 28 d simulative storage. The results showed that:(1) With the extending storage time, the defoliation rate, chlorisis index, relative conductivity (RWC) and malonaldehyde (MDA) content of F. microcarpa increased, while specific leaf weight (SLW) decreased, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased in the first and then decreased. (2) When the time of simulative storage was 28 d, the defoliation rate and chlorisis index of F. microcarpa which were supplemental lighting for 0 h-d-1 were 89.64%, 0.52, respectively. While the treatments with supplemental lighting for 8-12 h·d-1 significantly decreased defoliation rate and chlorisis index. As compared with supplemental lighting 0 h·d-1, defoliation rate of the treatments with supplemental lighting for 8-12 h·d-1 were 35.7%,39.19% and 26.08%, respectively. And chlorisis index were 0.25,0.28 and 0.19, respectively. (3) When the time of simulative storage was 28 d, with the extending supplement lighting time length, SLW of F. microcarpa leaves increased significantly. The SOD, POD, CAT activities, Chi a, Chi b, Chi (a+b), Carotenoid content, Chi a/b content, net photo synthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) increased with the extending supplement lighting time length, and the treatments with supplemental lighting for 8-12 h·d-1 were significantly higher than the oher treatments. While intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased. (4) Correlation analysis indicated that a significant positive correlation was found between F. microcarpa leaves defoliation rate and chlorisis index during simulative storage. Defoliation rate and chlorisis index were significant negative correlated with chiorophyll content and Pn, while they were significant positive correlated with Ci. And Pn was significant positive correlated with chiorophyll content, Ci. However it had a outstanding negative correlation to Ci. The study indicated that the measures of supplemental lighting time could significantly decreased F. microcarpa leaves defoliation rate and chlorisis index during storage. The better effect of supplemental lighting time was 8-12 h·d-1 which were supplied by 28 W fluorescent lamp. Considering the cost, the fittest supplemental lighting time of F. microcarpa should be 8 h·d-1. And the long time of dark storage condition destroyed photosynthetic system in leaves of F. microcarpa and made them photosynthetic rate decrease. It was the major reason that photosynthetic pigment content which was non-stomatal limitation factor decreased.2. We investigated the effects of fluorescent lamps which we made the optimizing supplemental lighting time treatments on growth, physiology and biochemistry in leaves of F. microcarpas after 28 d simulative storage. The results showed that:(1) When the time of simulative storage was 28 d, the defoliation rate and chlorisis index of F. microcarpa which were supplemental lighting for 0 h·d-1 were 89.49%,0.52, respectively. While the treatment of supplemental lighting for 8 h·d-1 every week significantly decreased defoliation rate and chlorisis index. As compared with CK (0 h·d-1), defoliation rate of the treatment of supplemental lighting for 8 h·d-1 every week was 32.87% and chlorisis index was 0.21. (2) RWC, MDA content, REC and soluble protein content of the treatment of supplemental lighting for 8 h·d-1 every week were all smallest and they were significantly lower than the CK. While SLW, Chi a, Chi b, Chi (a+b), Carotenoid content, Chi a/b content, SOD, POD and CAT activities were all higher than the CK. The study indicated that The best effect of treatments was the treatment of supplemental lighting for 8 h·d-1 every week in optimizing supplemental lighting time. So that exported F. microcarpas with supplemental lighting for 8 h·d-1 every week could significantly decreased leaves chlorisis and defoliation.3. We investigated the effects of LED different supplemental lighting times lengths (0-10 h·d-1) on growth and physiology in leaves of F. microcarpas after 28 d simulative storage. The results showed that:(1) When the time of simulative storage was 28 d, the defoliation rate and chlorisis index of F. microcarpa which were supplemental lighting for 0 h·d-1 were 49.92%,0.22, respectively. While the treatment with supplemental lighting for 4 h·d-1 significantly decreased defoliation rate and chlorisis index. As compared with CK (h·d-1), defoliation rate of the A treatments was 12.44% and chlorisis index was 0.08. (2) With the extending supplement lighting time length, RWC, relative water content in substrate and soluble protein content of F. microcarpa leaves decreased significantly, while Chl a, Chl b, Chl (a+b), Carotenoid content and Chl a/b content increased significantly. The defoliation rate, chlorisis index, REC, MDA content, Ci and dark-adapted minimum fluorescence (Fo) were decreased in the first and then increased, while SLW, SOD, POD, CAT activities, Pn, Gs, transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), dark-adapted maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum quantum yield of PS Ⅱ (Fv/Fm) and PS Ⅱ potential photochemical activity (Fv/Fo) were increased in the first and then decreased. (3) The results found that when there were supplemental lighting for 0-4 h·d-1, with the extending supplement lighting time length, Pn, Gs, Tr and WUE increased, while Ci decreased. But when there were supplemental lighting for 4-10 h·d-1, with the extending supplement lighting time length, Pn, Gs, Tr, WUE and Ci all decreased. The study indicated that the measures of supplemental lighting time could significantly decreased F. microcarpa leaves defoliation rate and chlorisis index during storage. The best effect of supplemental lighting time was 4 h·d-1 which were supplied by 20 W LED. The condition of supplemental lighting for 0 and 1 h·d-1 destroyed photosynthetic system in leaves of F microcarpa and made them photosynthetic rate decrease. It was the major reason that photosynthetic pigment content which was non-stomatal limitation factor decreased. Howere the condition of supplemental lighting for 8 and 10 h·d-1 made the plant water stress aggravated and made them photosynthetic rate decrease. It was mainly caused by stomatal limitation factor.4. We investigated the effects of two lights that there were 28 W fluorescent lamp (supplemental lighting for 8 h·d-1) and 20 W LED (supplemental lighting for 4 h·d-1) on growth and physiology in leaves of F. microcarpas after 28 d simulative storage. The results showed that:(1) When the time of simulative storage was 28 d, the defoliation rate and chlorisis index of F. microcarpa which were supplemental lighting for the dark treatment were 89.49%,0.31, respectively. While the fluorescent lamp treatment and the LED treatment significantly decreased defoliation rate and chlorisis index as well as the LED treatment was better than the fluorescent lamp treatment. As compared with CK (the dark treatment), defoliation rate of the fluorescent lamp and LED treatments were 31.05% and 22.87%, respectively. And chlorisis index were 0.14 and 0.09. (2) RWC and Fo of the fluorescent lamp and LED treatments were significantly lower than the CK. Moreover, LED treatments were lower than the fluorescent lamp treatments. SLW, chl content, Pn, Gs, Tr, WUE, apparent quantum yield (AQY), light saturation point (LSP), dark respiration rate (Rd), Fv/Fm and Fv/ Fo of the fluorescent lamp and LED treatments were significantly higher than the CK. At the same time, LED treatments were higher than the fluorescent lamp treatments. The study indicated that the fluorescent lamp and LED treatments could significantly decreased F. microcarpa leaves chlorisis and defoliation. Moreover, the LED supplemental lighting for 4 h·d-1 was better than the fluorescent lamp supplemental lighting for 8 h·d-1. Considering the cost (LED treatment supplemental lighting for 4 h·d-1 fluorescent lamp treatment supplemental lighting for 8 h·d-1), we thought that LED could replace the fluorescent lamp during F. microcarpa export storage.In conclude, the long time of dark storage condition destroyed photosynthetic system in leaves of F. microcarpa and made them photosynthetic rate decrease. It was the major reason that photosynthetic pigment content which was non-stomatal limitation factor decreased. The measures of supplemental lighting time could significantly decreased F. microcarpa leaves chlorisis and defoliation during storage. Moreover, LED lightig applications to the field of agriculture and biology was feasible. They could replace the fluorescent lamp used extensively for F. microcarpa during a long time export storage and other potted flower production. |
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