Effects Of Returning Straws Into Soil And Water And Nitrogen Fertilization On Growth And Development Of Winter Wheat

With the continuous development of fertilization, crop yield was significantly increased, and the straw resources appeared a growth trend.Because crops straw contains alarge amount of organic matterand essential elementsfor crop growth, and the crop residue straw can improve the soil texture, the proper use of straw resources has become an important measure of agricultural production. Anhui is one of China’s major Shajiang black soil region.With the soil texture and structure is poor,it has been typical low yield field in Huaibei plain.The crop residue straw are always burnt in this area, which not only had cause a serious waste of agricultural resources, but also damage the ecological environment.In order to create a proper pattern of high yield cultivation in this area, an experiment with Liang Xing 66 was carried to investigate the effects of maize straw into soil and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and physiological and ecological effects of winter wheat. The main results are as follows:1、The crop residue straw can delay the tiller death rate than unreturning straw treatment, and finally increase the percentage of tiller emergence and improve the stem-tiller spike number per unit area,with no significant difference. Irrigation sowing water can significantly increase tiller number of each growth period and the stem-tiller spike number. Nitrogen fertilizer can very significantly delay the demise of the proportion of tillers, significantly improve the stem-tiller spike number and delay the percentage of tiller death. The crop residue straw and nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial to the growth and development of secondary root number per plant, also significantly increased the number of tiller. Straw returning can significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of main stems and tillers, while reduce differences in irrigation and no irrigation. Returning straws into soil and nitrogen fertilization can increase the dry matter accumulation of the second tiller.2、The results showed that returning straws into soil and sowing water with nitrogen fertilize ratio of base and topdressing can reduce Fo during the flowering and early grain filling stage of wheat, with showing significant difference, and significantly increase Fm during middle grain filling stage with delaying the reducing rate of Fm during late grain filling stage. Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm of waterlogging treatments were significantly delaying the reducing rate than unwaterlogging. Returning treatments could delay the reducing rate of Y(Ⅱ) during early grain filling stage, while waterlogging treatments could delay the reducing rate of Y(Ⅱ) during middle grain filling stage. Returning straws into soil and sowing water with nitrogen fertilize ratio of base and topdressing can help raise Y(Ⅱ) during grain filling stage. Y (NPQ)showed declining variation during the flowering and early grain filling stage, with showing increasing trend during middle-late filling stage by returning treatments. Returning straws into soil and nitrogen fertilization can significantly reduce Y(NO) during middle filling stage, and postpone of N supply were in favor of reducing Y(NO) during all grain filling stage.3、The crop residue straw can significantly increase the spikelet number and the grain number per spikelet of the main stem and 1、2 tiller,and improve single weight per spikelet,especially significantly effect the second tiller. The crop residue straw can also decrease the number of sterile spikelet per spike, with very significant effects on two tillers,while improve the percentage of spike with two,threeand four grains on main stem and tillers. Irrigation sowing water can significantly reduce the spikelet number,the grain number per spikelet and single weight per spikelet.With the significant interaction of returning straws into soil and sowing water, the negative effects on the spikelet number and the grain number per spikelet was less than unreturning straws into soil.With returning straws into soil and sowing water, N3 fertilization can incrase the spikelet number,the grain number per spikelet and single weight per spikelet,and improve the percentage of spike with two and three grains,while reduce the number of sterile spikelet per spike,but show no significant difference with other nitrogen fertilization.Returning straws into soil and sowing water was in favor of increasing the grain number per spikelet in the middle position.4、This experiment used the single index uniformity to express the degree of variation per plant of various agronomic index,used the sum of the main index uniformity to express the plant uniformity,and investigate the proper index uniformities to response the yield characteristics.When there exists stress, using the gravity height uniformity of plant to react the yield is feasible.When the stress or limiting factor was lower, the gravity height uniformity and the yield would show no significant positive correlation.On the contrary,the single weight per spikelet and the yield were significantly positive correlative,while the single weight per spikelet were positive correlative with the the plant uniformity.As a result, returning straws into soil and sowing water and nitrogen fertilization can relatively increase the plant uniformity,and finally the yield will increase.5> Returning straws into soil and nitrogen fertilization increase the number of efficient panicle of unit-acreage and the yield. Especially waterlogging treatments can make efficient panicle of unit-acreage increased significantly and the yield finally increased.