The Effect Of Soil And Water Conservation Measures On Soil Erosion And Fertility Under Black Soil Sloping Farmland

For typical black soil erosion in sloping land area of serious this phenomenon, this study relies on long-term observation stations Keshan, using runoff plots law, focusing on different slopes(3,5,8 degrees), and the same slope(3 degrees) at each affect species conservation measures on soil erosion and soil fertility, designed to ascertain the best typical black soil area sloping land and water conservation measures, provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the study of soil erosion in sloping land. The results of the study are as follows:According to the 32 year history of Keshan County meteorological data of rainfall year interval, 2014 is the middle years, select more concentrated rainfall from June to October for the study interval, the results showed that:The annual effective rainfall(rainfall surface runoff) 21 times, the effective rainfall and 3 degree and 5 degree slope ridge slope ridge runoff produced correlation coefficients were 0.653 and 0.692, and 3 degrees and 5 degrees horizontal ridge ridge plant with the runoff weak correlation, correlation coefficient for the 0.101 and 0.125. Compared with the slope gradient and slope ridge, 3 degrees and 5 degrees horizontal ridge stemmed plant with annual runoff decreased by 94.3% and 93.3%, soil erosion modulus were reduced by 99.9% and 99.8%. Soil erosion intensified with the increase of slope, 8 degree and 5 degree slope ridge is 3 degrees slope ridge cumulative runoff increased respectively 5.8%, 8.1%, the cumulative erosion were 1.9 times and 1.8 times, the annual runoff was increased by 7.1% and 2.6%, erosion modulus increased by 48.5% and 44.7% respectively.Study on the effect of different slopes and water conservation measures significantly improved soil fertility and crop yields. The results showed that 3 degrees, 5 degrees horizontal ridge ridge plant with the same slope and slope ridge, the soil water content, the maximum water holding capacity increased significantly, soil bulk density was reduced significantly. WSA>0.25 mm water stable soil aggregate content increased by 9.8% and 14.89% respectively, the different slope(3, 5, 8) treatments, with the increase of slope, water holding capacity, bulk density decreased. 3 degrees and 5 degrees horizontal ridge ridge plant with the same slope and slope ridge compared soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content increased 26.7% and 45.9% respectively, the content of available phosphorus increased by 4.8% and 31.9% respectively, the content of available potassium increased by 32.3% and 8.2% respectively, the content of organic carbon was increased by 18.2% and 38.8% respectively. Was negatively correlated with soil available phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic carbon and slope. Compared with the longitudinal ridge, 3 degrees and 5 degrees horizontal ridge ridge plants with soybean yield were increased from 2390.7kg/hm2 to 2426.1kg/hm2 and 2571.8 kg/hm2 increased to 2726.3kg/hm2.Study on the effect of various water conservation measures in the same slope(3 degree slope) significantly improve soil fertility and crop yields. The results showed that: The soil and water conservation measures and slope ridge compared to soil bulk density decreased, ranging from 0.78% to 9.38%, soil water holding capacity was enhanced, ridge tillage soil water holding capacity increased from 33.6% to 44.3%, the largest increase, and the soil and water conservation measures are to increase soil nutrients, cross ridge of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content increased from 108.6mg/kg to 144.4mg/kg, the content of soil available phosphorus increased from 14.7 mg/kg to 33.6 mg/kg, the largest increase, cross slope biological fence available potassium content increased from 205.1 mg/kg to 211.1 mg/kg, the largest increase. Compared with the longitudinal ridge, four measures have different degrees of increase, increase by 0.1%~14.1%, Cross Ridge corn yield was increased from 9478.7kg/hm2 to 10818.4kg/hm2, the yield of 14.1%.The measures of soil and water conservation, 3 degree slope selection of Cross Ridge measures can effectively reduce the degree of soil erosion, improve soil fertility, increase crop yields, based on corn soybean yield increased more significantly than the. 5 degree slope selection stemmed plant with measures to reduce soil erosion, improve soil fertility, increase the effect of crop yield and more obvious.