| This research has a comprehensive investigation, analysis and assessment mainly on 17 North American Malus spectabilis and a number of inland ornamental Malus varieties(including apples comparison) reproductive biology basic features basing on flower biological characteristics,palynology and fruit characteristic. Here are the experiments results:1. Observe the blooming phenophase, research on flowers trait and specific descriptions on 17 North American Malus and 4 kind of inland Malus.Basing on the Malus spectabilis that used in the experiments,the research will assess flower biological characteristics and the flower ornamental value in order to select and apply the ornamental Malus in the future.The experiment indicates that most of flowers are single-lobe, only M. ‘Kelsey’ and M. spectabilis var. albiplena Schelle are double-petal.M. ‘Royalty’ is incomplete double-petal and there are some relationships between flower stalks and petal numbers. The color of flowers are mainly white or pink, the color of M. ‘Royalty’and M.‘Strawberry Parfait’ are pink,number M. ‘Purple Prince’,M. ‘Royal Raindrops’,M. ‘Prairifire’,M. ‘Adams’,M. ‘Kelsey’,M. ‘Royalty’ andM. ‘Radiant’ are pink or red and the color of flowers are well related with the color of leaves.2. Observe the 28 kind of ornamental Malus(including apples comparison) pollen from by utilizing electron microscope and fulfill the morphological index measurements and calculations. Meanwhile, the research will use culture medium method assessing pollen’s vitality. The experiment illustrates that 28 kinds of Malus or apple has similar pollen external form, which is long sphere or super long sphere. The sides look like oblong. Polar view is triangle or almost rotundity and the pollens are all have three colporate,the distribution of the germinal furrows are equal interval circularly.There is a significant relationship between the size of the pollen grain and flower stalks, which means that the flower will have a large flower stalk when it has a large size of pollen grain. There are also significant differences among 28 kinds of ornamental Malus(including apples comparison).M. ‘Red Jewel’,M. ‘Royal Raindrops’,Golden Delicious have the highest germination ratethat is between 71.17% and 75.25%.M.‘Donald Wyman’,M. ‘Sargent Tina’,M. ‘Sugar Tyme’ andM. ‘Kelsey’ have the lowest germination ratethat is between 14.73% and 22.69%. However,the abortion happens on M.‘Strawberry Parfait’ pollen unfortunately. Basing on utilizing the FCM to assess the Malus ploidy,the results state that among all variaties,the M.‘Strawberry Parfait’ is the only triploid.3. The research focuses on using antifreezing test to assess the hardness index of 11 kinds of ornamental Malus and picking stochastically the ornamental Malus fruits after entering the slight cold and then observing the shrinking situation of Malus fruits and calculating hardness index. The experiment results review that the hardness of Malus fruit has a positive relationship with the temperature. In addition,there are significant differences among all varieties.Crease resistant index has remarkable relationships with hardness index of the fruit under circumstances of-10 degree and has extremely remarkable relationships on hardness under-15 degree and-20 degree.On the basis of the fruit hardness index, comprehensive analysis on wrinkle index to fruit winter ornamental value, the researcher recognizes M.‘Donald Wyman’,M.‘RedJewel’ andM.‘SugarTyme’to be excellent varieties for winter ornamentations. |
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