Studies On Rapid Detection Techniques And Control Measurements Of Jujube Shrink Disease And Grape Crown Gall In Xinjiang

Fruit industry is one of the most important industry in Xinjiang. Jujube (Ziziphusjujuba Mill.) and grapes (Vitis vinifera) are the most important fruits in Xinjiang, which are famous for their good quality and high yield. However, it is regarded that the outbreaks of jujube shrink diseases on the fruits and grape crown gall became big threats to their production, and the control of these two diseases effectively had become critical to the development of the jujube and grape industry in Xinjiang. In order to managment of these two diseases effectively, the pathogen of shrink disease was isolated and identified in this paper, as well as the rapid detection systems were constructed and the control measures were explored of jujube shrink and grape crown gall preliminary. The research results are as follows:1、Isolation and Identification of the pathogen of Jujube Shrink:The disease fruits with typical symptoms were collected and the pathogens were isolated, purified and pathogenicity tested. The pathogen was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on the studies of cell morphology, cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical reactions, fatty acid analysis (FAME) and 16S rDNA sequencing. The pathogen also confirmed by transformation of a RFP marker into isolation Z-10 and being inoculated for pathogenicity test. The diversity Analysis of the pathogens which were collected from different place in Xinjiang showed high genetic diversity between different place and different variety of jujube.2、The specific primers of Jujube Shrink Disease for real-time PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification were designed based on the sequence differences of RAPD marker. The rapid detection system of Jujube Shrink Disease was built and pathogen rapid detection of field specimen was carried out using the rapid detection system.3、Screening of control agents for Jujube Shrink Disease was performed in laboratory. the results showed that Zhongshengmycin, chlorine bromine isocyanurate, thiazole zinc, Nano-formulations ZnO, biocontrol agents CDS-316 and biocontrol Y-1 can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria effectively, the EC50 of the first four agents were 25.1264、677.2320、1756.4283 and 577.4480 ug/ml respectively. The field trials in 2014 shows that applying 50% chlorine bromine Isocyanurate in the fruit enlargement period would have a desirable control effect, which is over 70.05%, significantly higher than other treatments.4、The specific primers of Grape Crown Gall for real-time PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification were designed based on the existing identifying primer. The rapid detection system of Grape Crown Gall was built and pathogen rapid detection of field specimen was carried out using the rapid detection system.5、Screening of control agents for Grape Crown Gall was performed in laboratory. The results showed that Zhongshengmycin, chlorine bromine isocyanurate, biocontrol agents CDS-316 and biocontrol Y-1 can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria effectively, the EC50 of the first two agents were 69.54 and 871.60 ug/ml respectively. The field trials in 2014 shows that the method with high inhibition rate to control the Grape Crown Gall is injection treatment and injection treatment using Zhongshengmycin showed the highest inhibition rate, which is over 93.86%, significantly higher than other treatments.