Traits Investigation And Analysis Of Hawthorn Germplasm Resources

Hawthorn is an important fruit tree resource in the north of China. Hawthorn germplasm research on breeding traits and germplasm to cultivate new varieties of hawthorn is important. Hawthorn materials are from horticulture experiment station hawthorn germplasm nursery of Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology.This paper investigated and analyzed flowers, leaves, fruits and seeds traits of 52 hawthorn material, and identified some of the hawthorn material ploidy, the main conclusions are as follows:1.Hawthorn flower. Most edible flowering hawthorn concentrate in late April to early May, ornamental flowering hawthorn are sooner or later; C.1aevigata ‘Paul’s Scarlet’ petal color red is red, Crataegus×mordenensis ‘Toba’ is pink, others are white;C.1aevigata ‘Paul’s Scarlet’ and Crataegus×mordenensis ‘Toba’ are double flowers,and they are no stamens, Altai, C.viridis‘Winter King’ and Kaiyuanruanzi anther color are yellow, the rest are red; Danzishanzha style is 1, Dongguanshang sytle is 2,Gansushanzha sytle is 3, the rest are 4 or 5; Hawthorn abroad single flower is small,domestic hawthorn single flower is large.2.Hawthorn leaf. Some hawthorn such as Ruifeng, Aote, Waibahong leaves show the red, the others show green. Investigation on the different varieties of hawthorn leaves of hybrid offspring, we found that in red and green genetic hybrid offspring genetic conforms to the law of Mendel. Green is recessive gene, and red is dominant gene. Hawthorn leaf color is controlled by a single gene recessive traits. Leaf green materials are homozygous recessive genotype, and red leaf materials are heterozygous dominantgenotype. It has certain reference significance to the inheritance and breeding of hawthorn.there is a significant correlation of leaf area between weight of hawthorn fruit; there is no significant correlation of blade crack between weight of hawthorn fruit.3.Hawthorn fruit. Mostly ornamental hawthorn fruit ripen early, edible hawthorn is concentrated in early September to mid-October; Dahong, Daguo, Dajinxing, Aote,Xuzhoudahuo and others are good as processing varieties; Heiguolvrou is black peel,Dahuangmianzha is yellow peel, Baiquan7901, Gansushanzha, Pingyidahongzi,Pingyizaohongzi, Tianhong, Ruifeng and Danzishanzha are orange peel, the rest are red; 279, Jiatian, Dawang, Shuanghong, Bairangmian and Qiuli are suitable as fresh food varieties; Yu8003, Qiufeng, Wulinghong, Zizhenzhu Dahuangmianzha and Pingyizaohongzi can be used as breeding parents because of high rate of seed..4.We used Flow Cytometer to identify chromosome ploidy of hawthorn, and compared with predecessor’s result. The results show that there are 8 materials having same result with the previous agreement. There are 6 materials having different result with the previous agreement. There are 5 materials which are reported for the first time. This study shows that the Flow Cytometer method is an effective method for identification of ploidy of Hawthorn germplasm resources, and the ploidy identification result has some reference value for breeding and Germplasm Innovation of the future.