Study On Fruit Quality, Photosynthetic Characteristics And Nutrient Elements Content In Leaves Of ’xueqin’ Pear Under Different Cultivation Patterns

Fruit quality, photosynthetic characteristics and mineral elements content in leaves of‘Xueqing’ pear under different cultivation patterns were measured to explore the advantageof labor-saving and high efficiency cultivation patterns, and provided theoretical basis forextension of the labor-saving and high-efficient cultivation patterns in pear productin.‘Xueqing’ pear trees in full bearing period were selected intwo orchards (Tian Feng1,and Tian Feng2, row spacing0.75m×3.0m) representing abor-saving and high-efficientcultivation patterns, and three orchards of conventional cultivation patterns (Tian Run C1,and Bai Feng C2, and Sheng Long C3, row spacing1.5m×4.0m). Results showed asfollows.1. Average single fruit weight, yield of xueqing Pear under differnet cultivationpatterns were measured. The resulteds showed that ‘Xueqing’ pear plant density was1667trees per ha in conventional conventional cultivation pattern，while that of4444inlabor-saving and high-efficient cultivation pattern. Single fruit weight was up to300g inlabor-saving and high-efficient cultivation patterns, showed no significantly differenceswith conventional cultivation pattern; yield of orchard respectively for108116kg、110609kg, was one time more than49764kg、51365kg、54445kg of conventionalcultivation patterns.2. According to the comparative analysis of fruit quality between the saving andefficient and the conventional cultivation patterns,the result suggested the fruit firmness is6.25~7.08kg/cm2,and the sugar acid ratio is51.1~56.1.There were no significantdifference among different orchards.The soluble solids content of fruits that werecultivated in saving and efficient pattern was12%,11.8%,the soluble sugar was6.83%,6.74%,and the titratable acid content was0.129%,0.120%,the Vitamin C content was2.15mg/kg,1.88mg/kg.Compared with the conventional cultivation pattern,there wereslightly different.However there were no significant difference among different patterns.There was no significant difference on fruit quality of ‘Xueqing’ pear under two cultivationpatterns.3. According to the comparative analysis of the photosynthetic rate in leaves ofdifferent cultivation patterns from August to October,the results suggested thephotosynthetic rate,the sromata conductance and the transpiration rate are have beendeclining,however the intercellular CO2concentration has been relatively stable.The photosynthetic rate in leaves of pears in labor-saving and high-efficient patterns in“Xueqing” pear orchard was12~14μmol·m-2·s-1before fruit picking in August,that was30%significantly higher than the conventional cultivation,After harvest,thephotosynthetic rate of leaves in different orchard was about9μmol·m-2·s-1.InSeptember,reduced to4~4.6μmol·m-2·s-1in October.There are no significant differencesin different cultivation patterns.During August to October,the sromata conductance,thetranspiration rate and the intercellular CO2concentration in leaves of different orchardvaried,but there is no significant diffference between two cultivation patterns.4. Based on contrast analysis leaf senescence of two different cultivation patternsorchard, the results showed that, the chlorophyll, soluble protein and the SOD activity inreducing trend as the leaf senescence, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leafincreased as the leaf senescence,no significant difference between each orchard.5. Base on analyzed N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, B9kinds of nutrient elementscontent in leaves of the ‘Xueqing’pear, the results show that,the nutrient elements contentis different in the ‘Xueqing’ leaves of different cultivation patterns, In the identicalcultivation, the nutrient elements content of leaves in foliage branch, cluster twig, fruitingwood is also different.In the saving-labor and high-effficent cultivation patterns, theP,Kcontent in foliage branch leaves, the P、K、Mn、Zn content in cluster twig leaves and theP、Mn content in fruiting wood were significantly higher the conventional cultivationpatterns.Other nutrient elements among the orchard is slightly difference, but there was nosignificant difference between different cultivation patterns.