| Soy isoflavone belongs to isoflavonic phytoestrogen, which mainly contents in soybean. Genistein, daidzein and glycitein were the main constituents of soy isoflavones. They both have the similar effects to estrogen and anti-estrogen, and have many biological functions including antioxidation and regulation of immune and endocrine systems. It has widely used in animal feeding and is one of hot research topics in the world. Recent evidence suggests that isoflavones in soy modulate production performance positively or negatively in animals. This effect has some connection to its basic diet, the duration time of administrationed soy isoflavone in its basic diet and is related to the animal’s metabolism and estrogen level. This study aimed at the effects and mechanism of soybean isoflavone on production, immune and antioxidant performance in chicken.Sixty chickens were obtained at1-d-old from a commercial hatchery and raised at our local facility under standard conditions with free access to water and feed. Chickens were randomly allotted to2treatment groups, each of which included5replicates of30birds. The chickens were offered the same soybean meal-free basal diet that was supplemented with0(control),20mg/kg ISO of diet35days. The experimental chicken were taken to collect thymus, spleen, bursa of fabricius to detect the dynamic changes of immune organs index, collect blood and spleen to measurement the enumeration of CD4+, CD3+, CD8+of T lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometric, collect blood and serum, trachea fluid, bile and intestinal fluid to detect the dynamic changes of the relative content of immunoglobulin of IgG, IgM by application of indirect enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA)test and detect the dynamic changes of the relative content of IL-2,TNF-a in blood serum by application of double antibody sandwich method at the ages of7,14,21,28and35days. Take the liver stored at-80℃and collect blood, to detect the content of MDA and SOD by the method of TBA and Hydroxyl amine method. Respectively, the villus length, crypt depth and muscle thickness of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were measured by microscopic image processing system at the ages of7,14,21,28and35days. Test results are as follows:1. The result of immune organ index:It was found that isoflavones obviously increased spleen index, thymus gland index and bursa of fabricius index, but this effect is not statistically difference. Conclusion:Isoflavones has effects on promote immune organ development, which has a positive meaning for chicken’s immune function.2. The potential effect of isoflavones on cell-mediated immune function was evaluated by quantifying the number of T lymphocytes subsets in peripheral blood and spleen by flow cytometry. The CD3+, CD4+enumeration and CD4+/CD8+in peripheral blood and in spleen from the chicken given isoflavones at20mg/kg doses could augmented, all these data were not statistically significant.3. The result of the cotent of IgG, IgM in trachea fluid, bile, and intestinal fluid was tested by indrect ELISA:The experimental result shows the changes local humor after feeding20mg/kg of isoflavones35consecutive days in chickens. Clearly, significant increased in relative content of IgG, IgM in trachea fluid, bile, and intestinal fluid at the ages of7-35days. On the other hand, in trachea fluid, relative content of IgG was significant enhanced at the ages of28days compared with those of without isoflavones (p<0.05), obviously, relative content of IgM in trachea fluid, there is a dramatically enhanced at the ages of7,14,21,28and35days (p<0.05). In intestinal fluid, the relative content of IgG was enhanced at the ages of14,28days (p<0.05), the relative content of IgM was enhanced at the ages of7days (p<0.05). And in bile, the relative content of IgM was enhanced at the ages of7days (p<0.05).4. The result of the cotent of IgG, IgM, IL-2, TNF-α in serum by ELISA:Clearly, the cotent of IgG、IgM、IL-2、TNF-α of chicken of administration isoflavones group are both higher than the control group at the ages of7,14,21,28and35days, but the content of IgG, IgM in experiment group, there was no significant difference compared with control. The cotent of IL-2of experimental group chicken are higher than the control group in at the ages of14days (p<0.05). The cotent of TNF-a of chicken of administration isoflavones group are both higher than the control group at the ages of7,14,21and35days (p<0.05).5. The potential effect of isoflavones on antioxygenic property was evaluated by Nanjing biological engineering research institute kit to take the cotent of MDA and SOD in liver and serum, the results show that:at the ages of7,14,21,28and35days, the cotent of MDA in serum and liver are lower than the control group, the difference was not significant, the cotent of SOD in serum and liver are higher than the control group, there is no significant difference. This showed Soybean isoflavone can improve the oxidation resistance of chicken by improved SOD enzyme activity and reduced the content of MDA to reduce free radicals. 6. The result of paraffin section and HE staining:at the ages of7,14,21,28and35days, the villus length, crypt depth and muscle thickness of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were measured, its showed that there is a descent trend in muscle thickness and V/C compared with control group. The results showed that administration20mg/kg of soy isoflavone had a slow development of small intestinal mucosa. This study showed that the addition of20mg/kg of soy isoflavones extract can enhanced the effect of the cecum so as to promote the fecal excretion.From this results, we can conclusioned that soy isoflavones has enhanced cellular immunity, humoral immunity, antioxidative function, but it had a slow development of small intestinal mucosa. |
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