| Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba. Mill), belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, is native toChina.Xinjiang is not the origin center of jujube, but it had a long history of cultivation andexcellent quality.Xinjiang, with enough solar–thermal resource, terrain flat and suitable for mechanizedfarming, is the superior production region for Chinese jujube and has the advantage of thedevelopment of modern jujube industry.The categories of superior production region were analyzed by the spatial analysisfunction of ArcGIS based on the meteorological data from1993to2012and the cultivatedsituation of jujube in Xinjiang. The main results are as follows:(1) The cultivated history of jujube in Xinjiang was retrospected to2100years ago bytextual criticism. Up to2013, Xinjiang had a jujube cultivating area of47.37×104hm2and anannual yield of145×104t.The major local cultivars were Hamizadao,Alaeryuancuizao,Xinjiangxiaoyuanzao,Wukuzhakexiaozao,XinjiangchangyuanzaoKashigerxiaozao and Aksuxiaozao. There were more than100introduced cultivars, butJunzao and Huizao were the main varieties, the varieties of pattern is unitary. The resultsmade Junzao,Huizao,and Huipingzao as the dominant varieties,and madeQiyuexian,Zanhuangdazao, Xiangzao, Jinzao and Hamazao as the sub–dominant varieties toadjust and optimize the cultivated structure in southern and eastern Xinjiang region.(2) The results indicated that the index of superior production region division for jujubein Xinjiang were the annual average temperature, frost-free period, the accumulatedtemperature over10℃, the extreme minmum temperature, the days of≤–20℃and aridityindex in growth period. The jujube production regions in Xinjiang were classified into fourgrades, the best superior production region including Hetian district, Ruoqiang,QiemoMaigaiti, Shache and Shaya county; the superior production region including Kashi,Bachu, Yuepuhu, Jiashi, Shule, Wensu, and Kuche county; the fitting region includingYecheng, Shufu, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Atushi and Xinhe county; the sub fitting regionincluding Tashikuergan, Aktao, Baicheng county and Hami district. Furthermore, the climatecharacteristics and suitable jujube varieties in each region were analyzed, respectively. (3) In combination with the developing trend of modern fruit industry and thecharacteristics of jujube in Xinjiang area, the modern cultivated mode, namely wide row closeplanting or wide row planting was put forward. It emphasized the importance of establishingsecurity facilities and mechanization supporting facilities on the basis of the superiorproduction region and dominant varieties. The cultivated mode of150thousand yuan perhectare would be extended and achieve high quality, efficient and safety production of jujubeeventually. |
