The Inlfuence Of Different Soil Coverage On The Orchard Microclimate And Growth-development Of Kolar Fragrant Pear

Korla fragrant pear is one of the characteristics fruit trees in Xinxiang, over the years, the orchard soilmanagement mainly adopts clean tillage, long-term management of clean tillage lead to poor orchardbiodiversity, and the soil fertility degradation, affect the tree growth and fruit quality. At the same time, thelow temperature in winter would lead to the freezing injury on korla tree body, which seriously affect thekorla fragrant pear industry development. How to solve the current urgent problem of reasonable fieldmanagement to reduce the orchard management cost and improve the orchard water use efficiency, improvethe ability of trees resist environment outside and improve fruit quality. This test set up6treatments ofstraw mulching, plastic mulching, covering non-woven fabric, growing grass, covering sun-shade net andclean tillage (ck), comparative analysis the soil moisture, soil temperature, air temperature and humidityand tree growth and fruit quality of the Korla fragrant pear. The results show that:1. Different soil covering impacted on the air temperature and humidity of pear orchard, theinfluence of clear day was greater than the cloudy day. covering non-woven fabric, growing grass improvedthe day highest temperature, reduced the day lowest temperature, increased the diurnal temperaturedifference; covering mulching, plastic mulching and covering sun-shade net reduced the diurnaltemperature difference to some extent. The average air humidity of cloudy day was higher than clear daysobviously, growing grass and covering non-woven fabric improved the maximum of day air humidity,reduced the minimum of day air humidity, increased the diurnal humidity difference; covering mulching,plastic mulching and covering sun-shade net reduced the maximum of day air humidity, at the same timereduced the minimum of the day air humidity, reduced the diurnal air humidity difference. The influence oftreatments of pear orchard on air temperature and humidity was covering non-woven fabric>growinggrass>plastic mulching>straw mulching> covering sun-shade net.2. All of coverage methods could slow down the water evaporation of surface soil and improve thesoil water content. Compared with clean tillage, the average soil water content of covering non-wovenfabric, straw mulching, growing grass, covering sun-shade net and plastic mulching increased by94.74%,61.16%,52.63%,61.16%and15.79%respectively. In the0-20cm soil layer, the soil water contentof covering non-woven fabric, covering sun-shade net and straw mulching was increased, plastic mulchingand growing grass was reduced. In20-60cm soil layer, there was only covering non-woven fabric, its soilwater content was increased, the other treatments had reduced. All coverage methods could reduce thewater evaporation of soil and improve the soil surface water content significantly. In the deeper soil layer,the water content of covering non-woven fabric was higher and clean tillage was lower. The influence oftreatments of pear orchard on soil water content was covering non-woven fabric straw mulching coveringsun-shade net clean tillage plastic mulching growing grass.3. The cover ways could regulatory effect the soil temperature, especially on the soil surface, and thedeeper of soil layer, the smaller of temperature regulation. Compared with clean tillage, average temperature of plastic mulching surface soil was1.8℃higher, while covering non-woven fabric, coveringsun-shade net, growing grass, straw mulching were0.3℃,0.6℃,1.7℃and2.1℃lower, respectively; Indepth of0-20cm soil layer, the temperature of plastic mulching was1.2℃higher, however which ofcovering non-woven fabric and straw mulching were0.5℃and2.6℃lower, respectively; in the depth of2040cm soil layer the temperature of plastic mulching was1.8℃higher, while which of straw mulchingand covering non-woven fabric were2.3℃and0.3℃lower, respectively; in terms of the depth of4060cm soil layer, the temperature of film mulching was1.0℃higher, and which of straw mulching andcovering non-woven fabric were2.5℃and0.8℃lower, respectively. The diurnal temperature differenceamplitude of surface soil were: growing grass clean tillage film mulching covering non-wovenfabric covering sun-shade net straw mulching, and the diurnal amplitude in the depth of2060cm soillayer of all treatments were smaller, which were between0.2℃and0.6℃, in a whole plastic mulching,covering non-woven fabric, covering sun-shade net, and straw mulching all could reduce the diurnalamplitude of soil, and prevent acute change of soil temperature, among them the change range of soiltemperature straw mulching was smaller.4. Compared with cleaning tillage, every treatment significantly improved the leaf fresh weight, fruityield and leaving calyx fruit rate, growing grass significantly improved the chlorophyll content, coveringgrass accelerated the growth of new shoots, while covering sun-shade net and covering non-woven fabricswere opposite, covering sun-shade significantly reduced the single fruit weight, every treatment couldimprove the rate of big fruit, but reduced the content of soluble solids and total sugar in different extent,straw mulching improved titratable acid content, except straw mulching, other treatments reduced thevitamin C content. Covering sun-shade net and straw mulching significantly enhanced the fruit hardness.Analysis indicated that, soil cover significantly improved the leaf fresh weight, effectively improved theappearance quality of fruit, especially the fruit yield were increased significantly, growing grass> coveringnon-woven fabrics> covering sun-shade net> straw mulching> film mulching>cleaning tillage. But thefruit interior quality decrease slightly.5. Compared with cleaning tillage, covering non-woven fabrics and straw mulching increased coveragefees, but they had better effect on weed control, water retention and moisture conservation, reduced thecosts of weeding, plowing and irrigation. One irrigation can be reduced every year, not only to save the costbut also increased the efficiency of water use. Integrated management costs of every processing, in turn,growing grass>clean tillage>plastic mulching> covering sun-shade net> covering non-woven fabric>covering mulching. Covering non-woven fabric had best effect on control grass and water keep moisture.Calyx leaving rate and special grade fruit rate(except plastic mulching)of all processing were increased,The output value of growing grass and non-woven fabric were higher, considering synthetically that theprocessing of covering non-woven fabric fit for the field management in Korla fragrant pear. At some time,advice to establish a demonstration garden of covering non-woven fabric soil management, in order tofurther study and extension.