| As one of the fourteen water shortages cities in China, Kunming suffers fromdrought in recent years, and the problems of water resources are becoming more and moreserious. So there are very important significance in the sustainable utilization of waterresources to research on water conservation and water quality improvement in differentforest types in Kunming Songhua water resource protection area. Selecting coniferousforest, mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, broadleaf forest and shrub forest as a typicalresearch object in Kunming Songhua water resource protection area, this paper tries toanalyze from the comparison in capacity of canopy interception, capacity of litterswater-holding, capacity of soil water conservation and capacity of rainfall water qualityimprovement in different forest types. Through this research, we can get the followingconclusions:1. The effect of four types of water conservation forest were broadleafforest(52.46mm)> mixed broadleaf-conifer forest (44.14mm)> shrub forest (30.99mm)>coniferous forest(28.71mm). Soil water storage ability in the process of water conservationforest was dominant, soil water storage accounted for91.15%~96.55%of the total waterconservation forest.2. The canopy of trees played a dominant role in the process precipitation.The canopy interception accounted from53.85%to88.46%of the total amount.The canopy interception amount of four forest types were: mixed broadleaf-coniferforest(0.65mm), coniferous forest(0.44mm), broadleaf forest(0.26mm), shrubforest(0.24mm).3. The litter water-holding capacity was related to litter amount. The more litter thehigher water-holding capacity. The results showed that the order of litter water-holdingcapacity of four forest types were: broadleaf forest(27.83t/hm2), coniferousforest(20.99t/hm2), mixed broadleaf-conifer forest(18.43t/hm2), shrub forest(8.34t/hm2).4. The results showed positive correlation between water holding capacity andporosity of forest soils. The order from high to low of soils water holding capacity of fourforest types were: broadleaf forest, mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, shrub forest, and coniferous forest.5. The content of elements in atmospheric rainfall showed a downward trend afterleached from the release and absorption by forest ecosystem. The order of reductionamount of the content of elements in atmospheric rainfall by four forest ecosystem were:broadleaf forest(0.96mg/L), mixed broadleaf-conifer forest(0.86mg/L), coniferousforest(0.84mg/L), shrub forest(0.15mg/L), and forest soil played a primary role in theimprovement of atmospheric rainfall water quality by forest ecosystem.The reduced ratewas up to80.65%.6. The content of TP, TN and NH3-N of forest rainfall in four forest typeshad increased in various degree. This showed that the effects to the elements inatmospheric rainfall by the crown canopy mainly lay on the eluviation. The order ofelements increasement in forest rainfall of four forest ecosystem were: mixedbroadleaf-conifer forest (0.41mg/L), coniferous forest (0.33mg/L), broadleaf forest(0.31mg/L), shrub forest (0.1mg/L).7. The content of TP, TN and NH3-N in litterthrough of four forest types were alldropped. It showed that the absorption to the elements in forest rainfall by the litter playeda primary role. The order of reduction to TN and NH3-N in forest rainfall by litter were:NH3-N>TN>TP. The order of elements reduction in litterthrough of four forest ecosystemwere: broadleaf forest(0.28mg/L)>coniferous forest(0.24mg/L)>mixed broadleaf-coniferforest(0.2mg/L)>shrub forest(0.09mg/L).8. The content of TP, TN and NH3-N in interflow about four forest types weresignificantly lower. It showed that soil can significantly absorb elements. The sorting ofeffect about soil cutting elements concentration in forest rainfall were: NH3-N>TN>TP.The sorting of elements total reduction in four forest types were: mixed broadleaf-coniferforest(1.07mg/L)>broadleaf forest(0.99mg/L)>coniferous forest(0.93mg/L)>coniferousforest(0.14mg/L). |
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