Induction Of2N Pollen And Creation Of Triploid Through Sexual Hybridization In Anthurium Andraeanum

Anthurium andraeanum, one of the furtherest studied flowers, widely distributed and planted in the world, is the world’s second largest tropical flowers only listed after tropical orchids. Meiotic polyploidization has a good application prospect for anthurium genetic improvement.2n pollens have been much more useful for triploid breeding than mitotic polyploidization. In order to exploit2n pollens for anthurium breeding, in this research, excellent anthurium cultivars of ’Dakota’ and’Sharade’ as the main test material, a detailed histological observation of meiosis of the pollen mother cell was conducted, carried out the study of chromosome doubling of male gamete in anthurium, immature embryo rescue and the hybrid effect of male and2n gamete, reveals the cytological mechanism of2n pollen formation. Now the research has made progress.(1)Anther tabletting method technique was adopted to observe the meiosis of pollen mother cell with Carbol fuchsin dyed. The time of prophase I is about90%of meiosis process, which indicates that prophase I is the most important and complicated stage in the process of the meiosis of pollen gametes mother cell. The meiosis presents apparent asynchrony in a same anther, and it can be often observed4-8different meiotic phase and even all meiotic phase from zygotene stage to stage.(2) A clear correlation between the meiotic process of anthurium microspore mother cells and the spadix external morphology have been found. Induction of2n pollen of was conducted when most pollen mother cells at a development Prophase I, adopt cotton wool soaked,’Dakota’young spadix were continuously treated with0.1-0.4%colchicine+2%dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for2-3days, obtained the2n pollen. Considering the spadix mortality,2n pollen ratio and the ratio of non-active pollen and other factors, colchicine concentration of0.3%for3consecutive days to induce the best,2n pollen ratio of about72%.(3) The abnormal behavior of chromosomes during the meiosis are researched.2n pollens originate from meiotic aberrations. Aberrations during spindle formation tripolar spindle, fused spindle may result in the formation of triads, dyads. Tripofar spindle and fused spindle in ’Dakota’Meiosis Ⅱ lead to FDR2n pollen. Influenced by colchicine,4n pollen mother cell are formed. After meiosis,2n pollen are formed.4n pollen mother cell provide direct evidence that2n pollen grains were generated by disorder that happened during sporophyte that from mitosis turn to meiosis.(4) Through anthurium immature embryos in vitro culture, a total of146immature seed were cultured, harvested14callus, all14callus differentiation seedlings. Therefore, embryo rescue technique can be applied in the breeding of anthurium breeding.(5) Won three anthurium triploid hybrids from2n pollen. Some hybrid seedlings were going to be identified.