Effect Of Deeply Applying Phosphorus Fertilization Under The Condition Of Deep Scarification In Fallow Period On Soil Water Moisture And Yield Formation In Dryland Wheat

Field test was carried out from 2012-2013 in Wenxi in Shanxi Agricultural University in dryland wheat to study the effect of deeply applying phosphorus fertilization under the condition of deep scarification in fallow period in dryland wheat on soil moisture and yield formation, and soil moisture change at the depth of 0-100 cm, nutrient, root characteristics, plant agronomic traits, plant nitrogen absorption and accumulation characteristics, yield and its components and grain protein at sowing stage and different growth stages. The main results are as follows.(1) The test of phosphorus application amount under deep scarification in fallow period indicated:the increasing of phosphorus application amount could increase soil water storage at the depth of 0-100 cm from sowing to booting stage and maturity stage, organic content at the depth of 0-20 cm soil layer at different growth stages and 20-40 cm soil layer from wintering to booting stage and 40-60 cm soil layer from booting to maturity stage, improve available phosphorus content at the depth of 0-40 cm from wintering to anthesis stage and 40-60 cm at elongation stage, improve alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content at the depth of 0-60 cm and root activity at different growth stages,5-35 d root activity after anthesis, plant height and dry weight, significantly improve plant nitrogen accumulation amount at different growth stages except booting stage, improve N uptake efficiency, N use efficiency and N productive efficiency and spikelet number, ear number and yield, and the difference was significant from others among treatments in spikelet number and yield, meanwhile, it could significantly improve Glutenin and protein content, improve protein yield and Glu/Gli.(2) The test of deeply applying phosphorus fertilization under deep scarification in fallow period indicated:deeply applying phosphorus fertilization could improve soil water storage at the depth of 0-100 cm at different growth stages, and the differences among sowing, elongation anthesis and maturity stage were significant. Also, organic content and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content at the depth of 20-60 cm soil layer at different growth stages was improved, available phosphorus content at the depth of 20-60 cm soil layer from wintering to anthesis stage was significantly improved, total root surface area, total root length, total root volume and total root volume projection and root activity at different growth stages were improved,0-35 d root activity at anthesis was significantly improved, plant height and dry weight at different growth stages was improved, and the difference was significant in early growth stage, plant nitrogen accumulation amount at different growth stages was significantly improved, N uptake efficiency, N productive efficiency and yield and its components were improved, and 1000-grain weight was significantly improved. Also, grain protein content and its components were significantly improved except Glu/Gli. In addition, increasing the amount of deeply applying phosphorus fertilization, soil water storage at the depth of 0-100 cm at sowing and each growth stages were gradually improved, organic content, available phosphorus content and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content at the depth of 0-60 cm were improved, total root surface area, total root length, total root volume and total root volume projection at different growth stages were improved, root activity at each growth stages and 0-35 d after anthesis was improved, plant height and dry weight at each growth stage were improved, plant nitrogen accumulation amount at different growth stages, N uptake efficiency, N harvest index, N use efficiency and N productive efficiency were improved, wheat yield and its components were improved, meanwhile, grain protein content and its components was improved.(3) The test of applying phosphorus fertilization at different soil layer under deep scarification in fallow period indicated:when applying phosphorus was 225kg/hm2 and the ratio was 1:2, soil water storage at the depth of 0-100 cm from wintering to elongation stage, organic content at the depth of 0-20 cm soil layer from anthesis to maturity stage and 20-60 cm soil layer at different growth stages was improved, available phosphorus content at the depth of 20-60 cm at different growth stages and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content at the depth of 20-40 cm were improved. Total root length, total root volume and total root volume projection at different growth stages were improved, root activity from elongation to maturity stage and 0-35 d after anthesis was improved, plant height and dry weight at different growth stages were significantly improved. Plant nitrogen accumulation amount at different growth stages, N uptake efficiency, N harvest index, N use efficiency and N productive efficiency were improved, ear number and 1000-grain weight were improved, thus the yield was improved. Also, protein content and its components and protein yield were improved. So, when applying phosphorus was 225kg/hm2 and its ratio was 1:2, it has better effects than applying total phosphorus at 40 cm.