Study Of Tillage In Fallow Period To Storage Soil Water On Building Reasonable Group In Dryland Wheat

On the conditions of dry wheat growing areas, using wheat varieties L Y8159, the experiment was carried out from 2014 to 2015 years in Wenxi, Shanxi province, and utilized the split-plot design with methods in a fallow period as the main plots and sowing patterns in a growth period ?FM and DS? as split block and five sowing quantities as small split block, to study the effects of tillage in fallow period with different sowing methods and sowing quantities on soil water storage at the depth of 0-300 cm, wheat yield components, population formation indexes, find out the effects of tillage in a fallow period on water storage and high production and to investigate the effects of mulching in a growth period on water-saving and yield promotion, analysis the characteristics of nutrient accumulation, distribution and the utilization and grain protein accumulation on population formation of high yield wheat, try to explore the best new technique of dryland water retention through tillage in a fallow period and the interaction effect of sowing methods and sowing quantities, to clear the best cultivation technology of dryland wheat. These could provide theoretical basis and technological support for cultivation measures in a large area of the Loess Plateau dryland wheat area high yield, high efficiency and high-quality. The major results were as follows.?1? Compared with NTM treatment, DTM in a fallow period of dryland wheat increased water storage efficiency in a fallow period by 25%. It improved the soil water storage at the depth of 0-300 cm at the sowing stage by 46 mm. It significantly improved the soil water storage from wintering stage to booting stage. Compared with NTM treatment, DTM in a fallow period improved wheat spike number, grain number per spike,1000-grain weight, grain yield and water use efficiency, in the while, spike number, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and water use efficiency were significantly. Spike number was improved 10%-20%, grain number per spike was improved 5%,1000-grain weight was improved 2%-5% and yield was improved 16%-18%. Compared with NTM treatment, DTM in a fallow period improved tiller dynamics and dry matter accumulation amount at different growth stages.?2? NO matter DTM in a fallow period, compared with DS treatment, FM in a growth period of dryland wheat significantly improved the soil water storage from wintering stage to booting stage. It improved the spike number, grain number per spike, grain yield and water use efficiency, among them, the spike number and grain yield were significantly. It increased 1000-grain weight on the condition of DTM in a fallow period. The spike number was improved 5%-7%, grain number per spike was improved 1%-6%, 1000-grain weight was improved 2% and yield was improved 8%-10%. With tillage treatment in a fallow period, soil water in sowing period increased 1 mm can improved the yield by 15.41 kg·hm^-2-19.00 kg·hm^-2. At the condition of DTM in fallow period, FM in a growth period had better effects on yield improving, by 23%. FM in a growth period could improve the effects of water-saving and yield promotion, the water saved in a per kilo gram of grain was improved 6%-9%, and the yield increased 7%-10% when consuming 1 mm soil moisture. Compared with DS treatment, FM in a growth period improved tiller dynamics and dry matter accumulation amount at different growth stages, among them, the dry matter accumulation amount was significantly, DTM in a fallow period with the FM in the growth period had better effects.?3? After DTM in fallow period in dryland wheat matching sowing methods and sowing quantities, under the condition of DTM and the same sowing quantities, compared with DS treatment, FM in a growth period improved wheat plant height, leaf areas from wintering stage to maturity. It significantly improved N accumulation amount in plant at different growth stages, increased NTBA and the contribution of NTBA to N in grains, decreased NAAA and the contribution of NAAA to N in grains, significantly improved N uptake efficiency and N productive efficiency. It increased soluble sugar content, sucrose content and starch content. It improved grain protein component content, glu/gli, protein and protein yield. It improved albumin, globulin, gliadin, glutenin and grain protein content after anthesis 5-35 d.?4? Under the condition of DS and FM, with the increase of sowing quantities, soil water storage from wintering stage to booting stage, total consumption and WUE, tiller dynamics, plant height, leaf areas and dry matter accumulation amount, N accumulation amount in plant, NTBA, N uptake efficiency and N productive efficiency, soluble sugar content, sucrose content and starch content, grain protein component content, glu/gli, protein and protein yield, albumin, globulin, gliadin, glutenin after anthesis 5-35 d were reduced after the first rise trend, and FM in a growth period matched with sowing quantities 90 kg·hm^-2 had better effect.In all, under the condition of DTM in fallow period of dryland wheat, FM in a growth period matched with sowing quantities 90 kg·hm^-2 was beneficial for water storage and rainfall conservation during a fallow period, can improve soil water storage before anthesis, could build a reasonable population and optimize yield components, increase yield and WUE mainly by increasing spike number. It was beneficial for plant N absorption and operation, can prove grain protein and optimize quality.