| In this article, four different fertilizer treatments of several physical and chemical factors and acticities of enzymes in soil of Tahe, Dailing and Maoershan which as representative samples of the latitude zonal in Heilongjiang Province were studied.Physical and chemical factors included available phosphorus, available kalium, total nitrogen, organic matter and pH value of soil while enzymes included catalase, urease, invertase, cellulase and neuteal phosphatase, studied those activity and spatial distribution pattern, and worked by parsing the soil microorganisms(bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) community structure, interactions between microorganisms and physic-chamical factors and the effects of different fertilizer treatments upon them were aiso studied. This research through the study of different latitude of farming soil in Heilongjiang province could provide evaluation parameters the system of sustainable development theory for future research in the area of farmland ecosystem nutrient cycle, animal and plant residue degradation, diseases, and other soil index. Main results of research are followed:(1) Test 7 soil physical and chemical indices in Tahe, Dailing, Maoershan where located in forest in east of Heilongjiang province farmland soil, analysed the variation of soil physicochemical properties and summed up the characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties under different fertilization treatments. Results show that the soil available potassium(AK), total phosphorus(TP) and organic matter(OM) and decreased with the decreasing latitude, the highest in Tahe, and in order of Dailing, Maoershan; total nitrogen(TN) and the pH value is increased with the decreasing latitude, followed by Maoershan, Dailing, Tahe; available phosphorus and water content of the same change trend were Dailing>Tahe>Maoershan.(2) Conducted analysis on soil enztme activity of farmland ecosystem in the eastern forest Heilongjiang province, results show that enzyme activity of urease and invertase in Tahe, Dailing, Maoershan decreased with the decreasing latitude. Catalase and neuteal phosphatase activity increased at first and then decreased. While cellulose decreased at first and then increased.(3) As for the cultivable fungal communities in farmland soil in Tahe, Dailing, Maoershanthree different latitude regions by means of soil dilution plate and soil particle plate and culture on standard media. Identified the screened bactetia from their morphological identification, and according to the eighth edition of the "berger bacteria identification manual" and inserted the fungi and actinomycetes observation. The results show that the general trend of soil microbial number of sampling points: bacteria> actinomycetes> fungi, while organic fertilizer, organic with inorganic fertilizer treatments of soil microbial number were significantly higher than in the field woodland, and treatment of inorganic fertilizer in the soil except fungi in field woodland was higher than other treatments, the number of bacteria and actinomycetes were lower. We isolated 57, 43, 63 strains of bacteria, and 27, 28, 22 strains of fungi, and 23, 37, 52 strains of actinomycetes. The 163 strains of bacteria belonged to 29 species, 77 strains of fungi belonging to 23 species, 110 strains of actinomycetes belonging to 16 species. Azatobacter and Bacillus were common and dominant species of bacteria. Scopulariopsis, Chaetomium, Neurospora, Cephalosporium, Aureobasidium and Penicillium were common species of all samples, and Penicillium was dominant specie of fungi. Actinomycetes in all regions were little differences, and showed that environmental heterogeneity effected on microbial species and distribution.(4) Analysis on microorganism community structures diversity of Tahe, Dailing and Maoershan, the results show that tend of diversity in forest in east of Heilongjiang province: diversity index was Maoershan> Tahe> Dailing, evenness index was Dailing> Maoershan> Tahe, richness index was Maoershan> Dailing> Tahe. While every index in organic with inorganic fertilizer treatment of soil was higher than other treatments.(5) Performed classical correspondence analysis with the soil microbial community in reclaimed water irrigation area and physicochemical index. The results showed that total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium these three indicators were main environmental factors affecting the farmland soil microbial community structure. There was great difference in soil microbial community structure of all fertilizer treatments while similarity with the field woodland. |
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