Effect Of Different Sowing Methods With Applying Nitrogen And Phosphorus In Base Of " Three Techniques In Advance" On Soil Water, Yield And Qulities

The experiment was carried out in the test base of Shanxi Agricultural University in Wenxi county of Yuncheng city from 2013 to 2014. This test studied the effect of different sowing methods with nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer after tillage in fallow period on soil water change, agronomic trait, population quality, plant nitrogen uptake characteristic, yield and quality, which tried exploring the best technique of tillage with sowing methods and the best ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus, in order to provide theoretical basis for dryland wheat high yield and good quality, main results were as follows:(1) Tillage in fallow period in dryland wheat field improved water storage efficiency significantly, up to 89%—129%; improved soil water storage of 0—300 cm depth significantly, especially the soil water storage of 180—300 cm depth; improved soil water storage from wintering stage to anthesis stage significantly; improved soil water consumption of different growth period; improved water use efficiency significantly, up to 12.54%—20.33%; improved plant height at wintering stage and from booting stage to maturity stage and plant area at different stages significantly; improved significantly amount of dry matter from elongation stage to maturity stage and group tiller number of different growth stage; improved yield and its components and grain protein and its components, and the effect of subsoiling mode were better.(2) Ether adopting deep tillage mode or subsoiling mode, covering plastic film in growth period improved significantly soil water storage of different growth stages, and decreased total water consumption; improved significantly plant height and area, amount of dry matter, group tiller number, improved significantly spike number and yield and water use efficiency; improved significantly albumin, gliadin, wheat gluten, grain protein content.(3) With adopting subsoiling mode in fallow period of dryland wheat, compareing to FSH, FM decreased soil water storage of different growth stages; improved water consumption of each period from elongation stage to maturity stage; decreased pant height and area; improved group tiller number of different growth stages; improved significantly amount of dry matter from elongation stage to maturity stage; improved nitrogen accumulation of different growth stage; improved nitrogen accumulation of each period from elongation stage to maturity stage; improved nitrogen accumulation of each organ at maturity stage; improved NTBA and NAAA; improved significantly nitrogen uptake efficiency, production efficiency; improved significantly spike number, yield, water use efficiency, grain protein and its components.(4) Under condition of adopting subsoiling mode with FM in dryland wheat field, increasing nitrogen amount increased water storage from wintering stage to anthesis stage; improved significantly water consumption of each period from elongation stage to maturity stage; improved plant height and area, group tiller number, amount of dry matter, nitrogen accumulation; improved significantly plant nitrogen accumulation from elongation stage to anthesis stage, grain nitrogen accumulation and its ratio to total plant; improved significantly NTBA and its contribution on grain; decreased nitrogen uptake efficiency, harvest efficiency, use efficiency and production efficiency; improved significantly spike number, yield, grain protein and its components.(5) Under condition of adopting subsoiling mode with FM in dryland wheat field, if the nitrogen amount was 150 kg/hm2, increasing phosphorus fertilizer,improved significantly nitrogen accumulation of different growth stages, nitrogen accumulation of each period of from wintering stage to elongation stage and from anthesis stage to maturity stage; improved nitrogen accumulation of steam, GS, and grain and its ratio to total plant; improved significantly NTBA and NAAA; improved significantly; improved significantly nitrogen uptake efficiency, harvest efficiency, production efficiency; improved yield and its components, water use efficiency, and the difference of each treatment of spike number, yield, water use efficiency was significant. If the amount of nitrogen was 180 kg/hm2, increasing phosphorus fertilizer, plant nitrogen accumulation, NTBA, nitrogen uptake efficiency, harvest efficiency, production efficiency grain protein and its components increased and later decreased, and the differences of treatments all were significant; nitrogen accumulation of each organ increased and later decreased, and the differences of treatments of leaf, steam, GS were significant; improved NAAA and its contribution on grain; yield and its components and water use efficiency increased and later decreased, and the differences of treatments of yield and water efficiency were significant; grain protein and its components increased and later decreased, and the differences of treatments were significant.In short, adopting subsoiling mode in fallow period with FM, amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 180 kg/hm2, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was 1:075, which was the best technique mode for dryland wheat.