Effects Of Rotational Tillage In Fallow Period On Soil Water Storage And Consumption And Yield Components Of Dryland Wheat

The test on the basis of 2013 to 2015 experiment,the experiment was conducted at Qiujialing dry cultivation experiment feild of Shanxi Agricultural University from 2015 to 2016,Jin Mai 92 as test material,under the fertilization and no fertilization conditons,NT,DT,ST,SDT four rotational tillage patterns were applied to research effects of rotational tillage on soil moisture accumulation and consumption,agronomic traits,nitrogen uptake,utilization,operation,yield formation and grain protein and its components of dryland winter wheat,to explore the best rotation tillage in this test field,to achieve high yield,high quality,high efficiency.The main results were as follows:Under different fertilization treatments,compared with NT,DT,ST,soil water storage in the 0-3 m depth was increased significantly at sowing stage,up to 28 mm.17 mm and 11 mm respectively,and more water was stored in deep soil layers(180-300 cm)under the SDT.Compared with NT,DT,ST,soil water storage efficiency was increased significantly,up to 192%,63%and 20%respectively under the SDT.Soil water storage in the 0-3 m depth was the highest at pre-wuntering to anthesis stage under the SDT.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,water consumption during growth period and the annual water consumption was increased under the different rotational tillage patterns.The water consumption and the percentage of water consumption was decreased at sowing to jointing stage.The water consumption and the percentage of water consumption was increased at jointing to anthesis and anthesis to mature stage.Under different fertilization treatments,the water consumption was the lowest during the fallow period under the SDT,and the water consumption was the highest during the growth period under the SDT,there was no significant difference in the annual water consumption among all treatments.The water consumption and the percentage of water consumption was the lowest at sowing to jointing stage under the SDT,and there was significant difference in the percentage of water consumption among all treatments.The water consumption and the percentage of water consumption was the highest at jointing to anthesis and anthesis to mature stage under the SDT,and there was significant difference in the percentage of water consumption among all treatments at jointing to anthesis stage.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,the tiller number,individual agronomic traits,spike length and bearing spikelet number at mature stage were improved during the growth period under the different rotational tillage patterns,the sterility spikelet number was closed.Under different fertilization treatments,the tiller number,individual agronomic traits,spike length and bearing spikelet number were improved during the growth period was the highest,the sterility spikelet number at mature stage was the lowest under the SDT.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,nitrogen content,nitrogen accumulation,maturity Spike and glume and grain nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen accounted for the percentage of the whole plant,nitrogen uptake,pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation amount and its contribution rate to grain after anthesis and after anthesis nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen absorption efficiency and the nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen production efficiency were increased during the growth period under the different rotational tillage patterns.But nitrogen accumulation amount in leaves and stems,stems and sheaths,and the contribution rate of nitrogen accumulation after anthesis to grain were decreased.Under different fertilization treatments,nitrogen content,nitrogen accumulation,maturity Spike and glume and grain nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen uptake,pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation amount and its contribution rate to grain after anthesis and after anthesis nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen absorption efficiency and the nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen production efficiency was the highest during the growth period under the SDT.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,the spike number,grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight were increased by 5%to 8%,1%to 3%,andl%to 7%respectively under the different rotational tillage patterns,and the yield was increased by 722 to 845 kg·hm-2,and the water use efficiency was increased by 11%to 14%.Under different fertilization treatments,yield and yield components,water use efficiency was the highest under the SDT.Compared with NT,DT,ST,the spike number,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight,yield and water use efficiency were increased by 2%to 16%,4%to 9%,2%to 6%,4%to 26%and 2%to 14%respectively under the SDT.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,grain protein and its components,grain/alcohol ratio,protein yield,soluble sugar,sucrose and starch content were increased under the different rotational tillage patterns.Under different fertilization treatments,grain protein and its components,grain/alcohol ratio,protein yield,soluble sugar,sucrose and starch content were the highest under the SDT.In short,using the SDT is conducived to the accumulation fallow period precipitation,improves soil moisture and that storage effect is still significant at booting stage,reduced the percentage of water consumption at earlier stage to supply water consumption at middle and later growth stage,and improved tillering number and dry matter quality of growth period,builds a reasonable population,promoted the nitrogen accumulation and before anthesis nitrogen translocation to grain and after anthesis nitrogen conformation,improved the efficiency of nitrogen absorption,nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen production efficiency,and optimized production structure to increase efficiency,and improved protein and its components,soluble sugar,sucrose and starch content.And the better effect is SDT.