| This experiment was carried out in field for three years in Mao Tuo village, Tingluo town Lijin County, Dongying City, Shandong Province in 2013-2015. The soil was Saline-alkali Soil with 0.3512% soil salinity in 0-20 cm soil layer and 0.2931% soil salinity in 20-40 cm soil layer. The experiment was designed by split plot with three planting patterns(mulching on flat ground, ridge mulching, and furrow mulching) as the main plots and two peanut varieties(Huayu 22 and Huayu 25) as sub plots., The growth, physiological characteristics, yield, fruit quality, as well as temporal and spatial distribution of soil water and salt in 0-100 cm soil layers were analysed. The results were as follows:1 Spatial and temporal distribution of soil water and salt in whole growth period peanut under different planting patternsThe highest soil moisture in 0-40 cm soil layers was under furrow mulching condition, and the lowest was under ridge mulching condition. Soil moisture in 0-40 cm soil layers decreased with peanut growth prolonging. The water demand for peanut plant in saline-alkali soil was in 0-40 cm soil layer. The soil layers in 40-60 cm was recharge supply layer and soil moisture content in 60-100 cm layer was not significantly different. Soil salinity in 0-40 cm layer under three palnting systems was significantly different. The lowest soil salinity was in planting pattern of furrow mulching, followed by mulching on flat ground. The highest soil salinity was under ridge mulching condition. The soil salinity in 0-40 cm soil layer increased with peanut growth season lengthening. More deeper in soil layer, more smaller in soil salinity. and there was no difference in sol salinity in 40-100 cm soil layer.2 Effects of planting patterns on growth and physiological characteristics of peanut plant in saline-alkali soil2.1 Effect of Planting Patterns on Agronomic Traits of peanutPath analysis results indicated that the direct contribution of plant agronomic traits to yield under three planting patterns was as follows: first branch length> stem height> base stem diameter> shoot fresh weight> root dry weight> blade Number> second branch length> the base of the stem length> number of branches.The main stem height, branch length and the base stem diameter were higher under furrow mulching than under the other two planting patterns. Main stem and branch length of “Huayu 22” increased by 17.1% and 4.3%, respectively, under furrow mulching condition,.than ridge mulching condition. Under three planting patterns, the base stem diameters in both Huayu 22 and Huayu 25 reached highest at pod filling stage. The maximum growth rate of the two varieties under furrow mulching was highest with 10% to 60% increase compared with the other two planting patterns. The time(Tm) for maximum growth rate appeared 3-5 days in advance.2.2 Effect of planting patterns on antioxidant enzyme activitiesUnder three planting patterns, SOD, POD and CAT activities in leaves showed a tendency of increase and then decrease and reached peak at pod filling stage, while MDA content showed a gradual increase. From flowering-pegging stage, SOD, POD and CAT activities showed highest under furrow mulching, followed by mulching on flat ground, the lowest under ridge mulching condition. MDA content of leaves at whole growth period showed ridge mulching> flat mulching> furrow mulching, indicating that cell membrane damage of peanut plant was severe under ridge mulching in saline-alkali soil which made plant early aging problem..2.3 Effect of planting patterns on leaf nitrogen and carbon metabolism enzyme activitiesUnder three planting patterns, leaves GS and GDH activities increased first and then decreased with the highest at pod filling stage. Furrow mulching planting pattern significantly improve the leaves GS, GDH activities, compared to ridge mulching and flat mulching patterns the order enzyme activity level from high to low was furrow mulching> flat mulching> ridge mulching. Higher leaf GS and GDH enzyme activities were the physiological basis of protein synthesis and accumulation.Higher leaf SS, SPS activities was conducive to the formation of peanut kernel fat. Under three kinds of peanut planting patterns, SS and SPS activities showed ridge mulching> flat mulching> furrow mulching.3 Effect of planting patterns on leaf photosynthesisUnder three planting patterns, leaf area index and chlorophyll content had similar unimodal curves with furrow mulching > flat mulching > ridge mulching at peak. There were a higher net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance(Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) under furrow mulching condition. Leaf photosynthetic capacity decreased fast at later growth stage under ridge mulching with net photosynthetic rate decreased by 30% and transpiration rate decreased by 27% at pod filling stage, showing early aging phenomenon.4 Effect of planting patterns on yield and qualityUnder three planting patterns, peanut pod yield showed the order from high to low of furrow mulching> flat mulching> ridge mulching. Yield increased up to 30% under furrow mulching than the other two patterns. The reason for yield increase under furrow mulching was the increase of 100-shell weight, one hundred kernel weight and kernel rate. The furrow mulching pattern increased peanut seed protein and soluble sugar content in saline-alkali soil. Ridge mulching improved fat content of seed. O/L value of the three planting patterns showed no obvious. |
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