Effect Of Pollen Xenia On The Fruit Quality Of Kiwifruit,’Bruno’ And ’White’

Kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.) is dioecious and male plants cannot develop fruits, so the xenia can affect the quality of fruit. In production, using improper pollen to pollination cause poor of fertilization and result in the nonuniform of fruit size, increase the quality of deformed fruit and then makes a significant reduction in the yield and quality.In breeding, it can judge the quality of the male plants through the effects of the xenia in fruit developing as for the same one female and different male parents. Therefore, it has important theoretical and practical significance to study kiwifruit pollen xenia effect.In order to select excellent male plants for pollination and improve the quality and the yield of kiwifruit, we use Actinidia deliciosa’Bruno’and Actinidia eriantha ’White’as female parent plants, and Actinidia chinensis’Hongyang’ ’s staminate strain Actinidia deliciosa’Tomuli’、Actinidia deliciosa’s staminate superior strains ’M-D01’、Actinidia eriantha’Maoxiong’4 male plants pollen to make artificial pollination. The main results are as following:1. The viability of pollen in different male varieties (excellent strain) is significant different. The germination of the pollen in M-D01 was 33.18% and was the lowest in the four kinds of pollen germination, followed by Hongyang’s staminate stain pollen (37.33%). Maoxiong pollen germination rate was the highest with 84.72%, followed by Tomuli (73.02%). Tomuli and M-D01 both are Actinidia deliciosa, but the pollen vitality is significant different. So, the pollen viability in different male varieties of kiwifruit is different.2. Different male varieties (excellent strain) have significant influence on kiwifruit setting rate. All the pollination treatments could increase the fruit setting rate of kiwifruit. The highest fruit setting rate is Bruno × Hongyang’s staminate stain, up to 95.06% and 16.31% higher than the control; followed by White×Maoxiong, up to 92.42% and 7.42% higher than the control. Results indicated that the fruit setting rate of artificial pollination was significantly higher than that of naturally pollinated fruit.3. Different male varieties (excellent individuals) have significant influence on the quality of kiwifruit. Tomuli and M-D01 could increase the weight and size of fruit, Maoxiong and Hongyang’s staminate stain make the fruit weight and size reduction. We determined the fruit hardness, dry matter, total soluble solid, Vc, sugar composition and content of organic acid in fruit internal quality, the results showed that there were xenia effect of kiwifruit in several characters. Maoxiong could increase the content of Vc in bruno, up to 294.00 mg/100g and 49.48 mg/100g higher than control; as for the influence on the quality of White, the sum of the three kinds of soluble sugar in fruits, pollination by Hongyang’s staminate stain, reached to 131.06 mg/g, and was 51.68 mg higher than control. The test proved that different male and the same female parent or the same male and different female parent had great influence on fruit external and internal quality.4. Different male varieties (excellent strain) have a great influence on the kiwifruit seed number. The seeds of Bruno x Maoxiong and Bruno x Hongyang’s staminate stain are significantly less than the control,399 and 332 respectively. Through the analysis, we found fruit weight and seed number were correlated. We deduced that the quality of pollination cause a direct influence on the seed number of fruit, and then it affects the size development of fruit.5. Though analysis and study of the xenia effect, we find that make Hongyang’s staminate stain as male parent can increase the sugar content of fruit in contemporary and make Maoxiong as male parent can increase the content of Vc and organic acid content in fruit, make M-D01 and Tomuli as the male parents can increase the fruit weight and size. So we can choose different male pollen varieties according to the demand in production and cultivation.