| Landscape heterogeneity is the basis for various landscape functions and structures, it not only affects the landscape productivity and biodiversity, but also affects the spreading and distribution of species, resources and disturb in the landscape. Landscape heterogeneity has a significant impact on ecology process and the whole function. The lower reaches of the Yellow River plain area has mainly agricultural landscape ecosystem all the time, and this area mainly engage in agricultural production. This study select zhengzhou-kaifeng area of the lower reaches of the Yellow River plain as the research object, base on landscape ecology theory and Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System technology, using 1992 Landsat-5 TM, 2002 Landsat-5 TM and 2013 Landsat-8 OLI three remote sensing images as the data source, through the support of Arc GIS 10.1, Fragstats 4.1, GS + 7.0 and Excel 2007 software to analysis temporary and space heterogeneity in the study area. The results show:(1) Landscape dynamics obviously, cultivated land is the matrix in the area, the larger transfer ratio.Development of twenty-one years in the study area, the cultivated land area has a prominent decrease, building land get to increase steadily, and woodland area is expending. The study area since 1992 to 2002, the degree of change in the landscape type transfer area of cultivated land and building land is relatively high, cultivated land landscape building land transfer to the main types of landscape types, the highest rate. From 1992 to 2002, the type of landscape changes in the area of transfer of a relatively high degree of farmland landscape types and landscape types of building land in the area of arable landscape type than the transfer, the transfer of land to the building of landscape types is the highest ratio. From 2002 to 2013, the area of transfer of farmland landscapes, rivers, reservoirs and ponds landscape type area gradually show a decreasing trend in the rate of change is still relatively large construction land landscape types.(2) The spatial configuration of the landscape has a significant change.Landscape largest patch index(LPI) and Contagion index(CONTAG) show declining trend; Shannon diversity index(SHDI) show a rising trend; and landscape patch density index(PD), the number of landscape patch index(NP) and landscape shape index(LSI) presents for the first decrease and then increase in the phenomenon. In particular, the type of building land patch number and largest patch shape index show constantly increasing trend. In the landscape type level, the number of patch and patch number of land for building and woodland landscape types present an increasing trend; the number of cultivated land area of landscape types showing declining trend; The landscape types of bottomland and ponds area appear increasing from 1992 to 2002, but since 2002 to 2013 show a declining trend; woodland landscape type of area since 1992 to 2002 showed a steady decline, and since 2002 to 2013 show a increasing trend; building land area of landscape types in the 20 years of development has showed a rising trend, and the number of plaques(NP) of land for building of landscape types and shapes largest patch index(LPI) are all showing continuous increasing trend.(3) The radius of 1250 m in the sliding window is the best analytical scale in Zhengzhou and Kaifeng area.Based Semi-variogram principle and semi-variance analysis method using GS + software radii 150 m, 250 m, 500 m, 750 m, 1000 m, 1250 m, 1500 m, 1750 m, 2000 m, 2250 m, 2500 m, 2750 m and landscape type characteristics within 3000 m of scale analysis, the results of the analysis of optimum scale is analyzed under a radius of 1250 m in the scale window.(4)The landscape change in belt transect is consistent with the overall landscape change.From west to east along the transect to establish two Zhengkai Avenue and State Road G310, in characteristic scale of building land area of landscape types growing area shrinking arable landscape types, and patch density index(PD), the number of landscape patch index(NP) and landscape shape index(LSI) is first reduced, then increased, consistent with the change in the overall landscape.(5) Landscape comprehensive heterogeneity index reflects an obvious effect.In the twenty-one years of study area, shrinking arable land, and its dominance of gradually reduced, but still dominant landscape types in the study area; the indicators of building land area, proportion, and so increase the number of patches, dominance rising; woodland advantage remain elevated after stable; this process is accompanied by the pond area and significantly reduce the number of patch, significantly reducing the dominance.(6) The human disturbance intensity has a significant impact on landscape heterogeneity.This research select in 165 selected areas in the middle range of the space lattice 1250×1250 m in Zhengzhou and Kaifeng area, and the calculation of 1992, 2002 and 2013 three years of human interference intensity index in the range of(D), analysis of human disturbance index show early stages of development, human disturbance effects on landscape composition and configuration significantly, with increasing degree of accumulation, human disturbance on the landscape composition and configuration influence weakened.Though discuss the landscape heterogeneity of the Zhengzhou and Kaifeng area, we can more rational development and utilization, planning and design of the Yellow River plains land resources, and have great significant on sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin area. |
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