| Vigorously develop modern agriculture causes the agricultural landscape appears highly homogenization. Due to the highly intensive management, human disturbance intensity increasing. On the agricultural landscape and biodiversity has a huge impact. Expanding farmland and crops planted species is relatively simple, natural and semi‐natural habitat fragmentation leading to reduce the complexity of the agricultural landscape structure. Agricultural landscape is one of the major sources of human resources to survive. The agricultural landscape patch to maintain diversity and stability of biological diversity can not be ignored. Semi‐natural habitats can provide alternative food and shelter for the winter or species communities. Therefore, semi‐natural habitats are conducive to the existence of a regulatory role of predatory species habitat, breeding and crop species in farmland. The ecological process of agricultural landscape ecological system, the function of maintaining, services, and sustainable management plays an important role.This study selected a typical agricultural area of the Yellow River Basin in He Nan Xinxiang Fengqiu County as the research object, By trap method in Fengqiu county south area selection in agricultural landscape, four kinds of main landscape elements(ditches, hedges, woodland and farmland) on the investigation of the Coleoptera communities. Coleoptera communities in different habitats and the distribution of spring, summer, autumn three season dynamic condition and different functional groups(plant diets, predatory and coprophagy, omnivorous and corruption feeding) species are analyzed, And Coleoptera community at the level in the studied area calculation, Simpson dominance index, richness index S, Shannon Wiener diversity index H ’and Pielou evenness index, Analysis of different habitat types in the Coleoptera community biodiversity and dynamics, Finally using the model in the Canoco4.5 correspondence analysis(CCA) explore eight environmental factors(Soil moisture, organic, nitrogen content, phosphorus content, pH and plant cover, height, richness) affect Coleoptera taxa distribution.Research shows that:(1) During the field research, a total of 9505 carabid beetles belonging to 25 families were collected, among these, carabidae and Staphylinidae were most dominant and respectively 4336 and 1059. In the different habitat, the distribution of coleopterans showed that: As for the individual number, Ditches> farmland> Hedges> woodland; as to the group number, Ditches> woodland> Hedges> farmland. In the study area, the trend of dynamic change of coleopterans individual number and group number was nearly consistent: Summer> spring> autumn. Both individual number and group number arrivaled at peak in the summer, the least numbers they were present in the autumn. In each season Carabidae and Staphylinidae are the dominant group. In different habitat, seasonal dynamic distribution of the Coleoptera community composition was differences. In summer, Coleoptera community individual number achieves high, In Spring Coleoptera community individual number followed by the summer(except LD), overall autumn least. In the three seasons, the Coleoptera community group number was the most abundance in ditches, but farmland was the least.(2) Different habitat types of Coleoptera community diversity index change rule. From the overall, rule of richness index S and Shannon Wiener diversity index H ’are ditches> woodland> hedges> farmland, conform to the ecology rule roughly: Richness S, Shannon Wiener diversity index H ’, evenness J and dominance C are negative correlation. The rule of the Pielou evenness index J is LD> SL>GQ >NT. Vegetation composition is more complicated from the ditch, relatively low human disturbance degree, habitat environment is conducive to the survival of Coleoptera community, Species are very abundant, its evenness step maybe due to a lower division number is more, in the absolute advantage, advantage phenomenon is more obvious, resulting in lower evenness J. Variance analysis found that in addition to the evenness index J was not significant, richness S and diversity index H ’ and dominance index C between different habitat types have significant differences(P<0.01). The diversity of different habitat types Coleoptera communities of dynamic change trend in different seasons. Each season between Coleoptera population, richness S, dominance index C, diversity index H ’ and evenness J have significant effects(P<0.01); Seasons and different habitat types of interactions on the number and abundance of Coleoptera community has significant effects(P<0.01), But the dominance index C, diversity index H ’ and evenness J are not significant(P>0.05).(3) According to the different diets of captured Coleoptera community, roughly divided into five levels, respectively, for the predatory, Phytophagous, Coprophagy, omnivorous and Scavengers. In functional groups, the Phytophagous and the Predatory were the most abundant in the number of species and individuals(6326 Predatory carabid beetles belonging to 6 families; 1445 Phytophagous carabid beetles belonging to 11 families; 1316 Coprophagy carabid beetles belonging to 3 families; 401 Omnivorous carabid beetles belonging to 4 families; 17 Scavengers carabid beetles belonging to 2 families, accounted for 0.17% of the total number). Season dynamics analysis of composed of different functional groups found that the Predatory were the most abundant in the number of individuals and the Phytophagous were the most abundant in the number of species, the scavengers were the lowest.(4) It was showed by canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) to the relationship between the composition of Coleoptera communities and eight environmental factors, that the soil moisture, the plant species richness, the plant coverage and plant abundance were the major factors affecting on the composition and spatial of carabid beetles. |
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