Temporal And Spatial Characteristics Of Temperature Of The Phenological Solar Term And Its Impact Factors In Northwest Oasis During 1960~2013

Global climate change has accelerated markedly since the 21 Century, along with the heavy rainfall, drought, floods, heat waves and other extreme weather increasing in the global scope, additionally, and climate warming and drying in the mid latitude and the drought caused by climate warming are the most obvious, especially for the developing country with large population. In terms of climate change, particularly the changes in temperature could have great effect on the natural ecological, social and economic system, such as sea level rise, the cryosphere retreat, biodiversity loss as well as the threat of food safety, etc. The twenty-four solar term is a special supplement calendar to guide the ancient Chinese farming, the Waking of insects, Pure Brightness, Fullness of Grain, Grain in Beard and agricultural reflecting the phenology are closely related to production activities, yet it has an important guiding significance to China’s agricultural production and agricultural arrangement. Therefore, the Northwest Oasis is chose as the object of study in this paper, the temperature data obtained from 74 meteorological stations Chinese Oasis during 1960~2013, the climate tendency rate, inverse distance weighted interpolation method and correlation analysis method were applied to analyze spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature and the causes of it in the Waking of insects, Pure Brightness, Fullness of Grain and Grain in Beard and during the period of them, the main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1) From the time aspect, the temperature variation of Northwest Oasis in the Waking of insects, Pure Brightness, Fullness of Grain and Grain in Beard and during the period of them are very similar during 1960~2013, and it shows increasing in volatility, along them, the Pure Brightness and the period of it begin warming was most significant for solar term in spring, its changing rate were 0.64℃/10a(α=0.05)、0.42℃/10a(α=0.01)respectively; The Grain in Beard and the period of warming was most remarkable for solar term in summer, its changing rate were 0.36℃/10a(α=0.1)、0.30℃/10a(α=0.01)respectively.(2) From the point of view of space, regional differences are obvious, overall, it presented an decreasing trend from the south to the north in Xinjiang Oasis and from east to west in the others, there were a high value area(the southern of xinjiang oasis) and a low value area(Waking of insects and the period of it in the southern of Xinjiang Oasis, Pure Brightness, Fullness of Grain and Grain in Beard in the oasis in the Qaidam Basin). In addition, the 4 phenological solar term high temperature center all appeared in Turpan city, the low value center appeared only in Qinghe county in Waking of insects, and it move to the Da Qaidam county in Pure Brightness, after it, it displayed in Dulan County stablely. It caused by different factors such as the oasis’ geographical position, altitude, underlying surface, atmospheric circulation and solar activity.(3) Based on solar term and the period of its daily temperature with the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO), the Arctic Oscillation(AO), sunspot number(SSN), the South Asian summer monsoon(SASM) and the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) correlation index analysis showed that : In addition to the Waking of insects period, during Pure Brightness, Fullness of Grain and Grain in Beard period, the correlation coefficients of NAO, AO with the Northern of Xinjiang, Hexi Oasis, Hetao and Alashan were greater than 0.23, and all were at significant level. The correlation coefficients of the oasis in the Qaidam Basin and Hetao Plain in temperature with the SASM, EASM had significant negative correlation during the Grain in Beard period of, the correlation coefficients were-0.23(α=0.1) and-0.25(α=0.1) respectively, indicating the oasis in the Qaidam Basin and the Hetao Plain were primarily affected by the monsoon circulation. In addition, the solar activity with the temperature of during the Pure Brightness period exhibited significant negative correlation, it had significant positive correlation with Fullness of Grain, which indicated the solar activity was the main influence factor for the Northwest Oasis of the phenological solar term.