Study On The Karez System And Its Influence On Ecological Environment In Turpan Area As An Example

Karez is the whole nation and even the world’s largest water underground irrigation system,known as one of the three great engineering China, it is smart and capable of local residents by congenital conditions, to overcome the difficulties created by the every little bit. It gives hope to the local farmers. Moreover, the Uygur traditional economy is agriculture, because early drier dry Turpan basin and its peripheral area, so it is very important to the development of irrigation. Since ancient times, there are two main types of agricultural irrigation in Xinjiang Turpan: one is the motor pumped well water, the other is a karez. Agricultural irrigation qanat compared to the general, it is a special kind of underground water, agricultural irrigation system in order to adapt to the arid oasis area in the natural conditions and geographical environment and built. Kanerjing culture consists of material culture, but also the local farmer’s spiritual beliefs, its creation and the local people have a great role. Karez not only to human life brought about the quality of agricultural industry, the prosperity and development of tourism and the ecological system also has the adjustment an indispensable role, but also the growth and reproduction of plants and animals brought suitable natural environment. The preface introduces the purpose and significance of the thesis, and the main use of field survey method, mathematical model method, the methods of historical documents, draw a distribution map of GIS system of cultural comparison method and the use of the study, introduces the basic knowledge of the specific steps of Karez, the excavation process, the study area present situation and utilization of Karez, influence ecological environment and its protection. And reached the following conclusions:1.This paper made an on-the-spot investigation on environment in the study area, analyses the causes of formation of the formation of Turpan Karez, that Karez mainlyby the natural conditions(geology, climate, hydrological and geological etc.), require the development of production, the relevant economic and technical level, and many other factors.2.According to the related literature, found worldwide Karez distribution in East Asia, North Africa, Europe, America and so on. We can draw the Karez in Xinjiang is not unique, Karez widely distributed for us to study the Karez origin is an important basis for; secondly, through access to information that the origin of the Karez has three kinds of theories, including Cole and in accordance with the township, the territory of found rock paintings to prove that is created by the Xinjiang Karez; and to draw the Karez naming has its unique features, but also get the past dug Karez required tools and modern tools of different.3.The qanat dug cutting process and Measurement Science compared that past dug Karez is the standard, and restore the ancient dug Karez use the methods and steps.4.Using GIS system outline existing Karez and dry Karez, obviously that Karez attenuation, flow is in rapid decline.5.Minor Karez water salinization can be drawn by the field measurements of the Karez water quality, but the most suitable to the farmers of irrigated crops, Karez water quality changes and human activities have close contact. Therefore, the water quality protection of kariz imminent.6.Summary conclusion, carries on the simple elaboration to the innovation and deficiencies, and puts forward the prospect of future research.