| In order to solve the problems about soil in vegetable greenhouses such as salinization, compaction and acidification, microorganism is used to compost straw and cow dung with the further usage of the organic fertilizer after composting to improve the physicochemical properties of soil.In this way, it can not only solve the problems of waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by the excess of straw and cow dung, but also improve the greenhouse soil by the use of organic fertilizer made through straw composting, to promote the growth and development of crops. This study performed such tests as fungi screening, compound bacteria preparing, straw composting and greenhouse pimento planting, and the results are as follows:1.10 bacterial strains with strong ability in straw degradation were obtained through screening, including four bacteria: X1, X2, X3, and X4; two actinomycetes: F1 and F2; and four fungus: Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4. Besides, bacteria for soil improvement were screened out, including two azotobacter: N1 and N2; two phosphate bacteria: P1 and P2; and two potassium bacteria: K1 and K2. The application of the preliminary morphological and molecular biological identification on some strains showed that X3 was starch bacillus; F1 was streptomyces griseorubens; Z4 was trichoderma atroviride; and P2 was tarlaromyces wart-forming volva.2. Make an antagonistic experiment between the bacterial strains of X1, X2, X3, X4, F1, F2, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, P1, P2, K1, K2, N1, and N2 obtained through the screening and the bacterial strains oyster mushroom(P6), bacillus subtilis(T1), saccharomyces cerevisiae(FK), lactic acid bacteria(BY) and trichoderma koningii of engineered strain(FT), stored in the laboratory, totaling 21 strains. The result shows that there is no antagonism effect among the bacterial strains and the compound bacteriaare prepared①.3.Through the compost experiment, we could conclude that the joint participation of the two compound bacteria in the experimental group 3 could help compost to reach the organic fertilizer standard of being thoroughly decomposed, harmless and of high quality in a short period.After the compost’s maturity is completed, the physicochemical indexes of the experimental group 3 are: pH7.56, organic matter 565.42g/kg, rapidly-available phosphorus 2.76g/kg, rapidly available potassium 13.8mg/kg and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 424.5mg/kg. The combined effect of two compound bacterial preparations can not only release nutrition, but also prevent the loss of nutrients, which can improve the fertilizer efficiency of straw manures.4.The planting experiment of pimentoshowed that experimental group 3 could change the soil from acidity to subacidity and electrical conductivity was about 0.6mS/cm, which improved soil’s problems of acidation and salinization to some extent;with the increase of content of organics in the soil, it can raise the water ratio of the soil, reduce volume weight, and uplift total porosity, preventing further hardening of the soil and surface aggregation of the salt;experimental group 3 and group 4 achieved a better effect in promoting the growth of the seedlings of pimentos.With comprehensive consideration, it is concluded that when the amount of organic fertilizers added to the experimental group 3 is 30%, it not only changed the physical structure of the soil, but also improved the property of soil aeration, water retention and fertilizer saving, and promoted the growth and development of pimento seedlings.This study combines a variety of functional bacterial strains, together with the combined action of EM microbial inoculums, to compost straws, which improves the composting quick-acting content of oxygen. The adjunction of this kind of organic fertilizers of biological straws can make soil fertile, promote soils to form the structure of aggregate, and increase the soil’s properties of aeration, impoundment and fertilizer conservation, so as to promote the growth of crops. |
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