A Study Of Genes Related To Seed Shattering In Buckwheat

Buckwheat is rich in nutrition. It contains vitamins and lots of flavonoids with high edible value and medicinal value, which can effectively control and treat various diseases, increase the body’s immunity to disease and prevent cancer. But in the process of cultivation of buckwheat, the grain shattering phenomenon is very serious. Grain shattering phenomenon exists widely in Leguminosae, Gramineae, Cruciferae and pedaliaceae plants, which is a kind of adaptive mechanism of the plants gradually formed during the long-term survival competition and evolution in order to resist the bad external environment and for reproduction purpose. Grain shattering phenomenon can cause great losses for agricultural production. The natural shattering of a large number of seeds before harvest not only increases the harvest difficulty and the production cost, it also severely affects the seed quality and yield. Therefore, improving the yield and quality of plants by reducing the grain phenomenon is of great significance for the production and cultivation of plants.In recent years, researchers have done a lot of researches on grain shattering phenomenon of different plants. Early researches mainly focused on physiological and biochemical aspects. People continuously choose plant organ non-shattering characteristics through the long-term domestication practice, which solves the grain shattering and broken ear of Gramineae crops and ahead of the opening of pods for the Leguminosae crops. Thus the yield loss was reduced. With the development of molecular biology, the analysis of molecular mechanism of district development and grain shattering phenomenon has become a hot research topic. This study intends to research on genes related to buckwheat grain, so as to provide guidance to the research on genetic breeding of buckwheat. The main results are as follows:1.Obtaining the candidate gene of grain: In order to obtain buckwheat grain related genes, young fruit tissues and other samples of F.esculentum, F.tataricum and F.cymosum were selected to conduct the transcriptome sequencing. 28 Unigene related to grain shattering genes were got through database comparison, functional analysis and functional annotation.2.Obtaining full-length of grain shattering gene: 28 candidate genes were amplified out by using designed primers through RACE method. After sequencing, 20 candidate gene sequence from 3′ end and 22 from 5′ end were successful obtained. Through the database comparison, successfully complete the sequences of 6 grain shattering related genes.3.Analysis of grain shattering gene expression: By the method of fluorescence quantitative PCR with the 5.8S RNA as the reference gene, we conduct the Real Time PCR experiment on F. esculentum grain shattering varieties, F.esculentum non-shattering varieties, F.tataricum grain shattering varieties, F.tataricum non-shattering varieties and shattering F.cymosum by using 28 candidate genes with partly sequences. Among them, most have not obvious differences of relative expression on five different varieties. The sequences of six candidate genes are successfully completed and their full length sequences are submitted to the NCBI database and their expression have some differences on five different varieties. They are Root phototropism protein gene, SRG1-like protein gene, SOBIR1-like protein gene, NPR5-like protein gene, Peroxidase gene, and AGL protein gene, respectitvely, which may be some of the key genes resulted in the grain shattering of buckwheat.