| The application of organic cultivation substrate in solar greenhouse is an efficient way to solve the soil degradation and shortage of arable land. This study aimed to screen and select a specialized organic substrate mixture fitting the law of nutrient absorption and promoting the yield of pepper in a solar greenhouse. Using ‘Changjian’(Capsicum annuum L. va ‘Changjian’) pepper as the experimental material, six mixed substrates were prepared by adding cow dung,wheat straw, chicken manure, river sand, turf and vermiculite. Plant photosynthetic parameter and fruit quality and yield of pepper plants were analyzed. The main findings are as follows:1. Pepper plants grew and developed normally under six kinds of biomass substrate formula treatments. Total porosity after cultivating increased except in the T1 treatment(cow dung: wheat straw: chicken manure: river sand: turf: vermiculite=2:3:0.5:1.5:1:1), and bulk density after cultivating increased except in T6 treatment(cow dung: wheat straw: chicken manure: river sand: vermiculite=3.5:2.5:0.5:2:1.5).The p H and EC values after cultivating in six biomass substrate formulas were decreased, and the available N and available P content all increased but available K decreased after cultivating.2. During the growth period, the plant height and stem diameter of pepper grew in T6 biomass substrate formula were best in all treatment, and no significant with T2(cow dung:wheat straw:chicken manure:river sand:turf: vermiculite=3:2:0.5:1.5:1: 1), T4(cow dung: wheat straw: chicken manure: river sand: turf=3:2:0.5:3.5:1) treatment, which of T5(cow dung: wheat straw: chicken manure: river sand =3.5:2.5:0.5:3.5) biomass substrate could not improve pepper plant growth.3. The photosynthetic capacity of formula T4 and T6 pepper leaves were better, and not statistically significantly. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration were higher than other treatments. The fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root under T6 biomass substrate formula was significantly higher than other treatments; The formula T4 followed, and had no significant difference.4. Different culture substrates had a great effect on pepper fruit quality, among the different substrates, the soluble sugar and soluble solids concentrations of pepper fruits in substrate T6 were significantly higher than others, and the Vc content of pepper fruit in substrate T3(cow dung: wheat straw: chicken manure: river sand: vermiculite=3:2:0.5:3.5:1) was highest, but compared with T6, it was not statistically significantly. The fruit nitrate content of substrate T2 was lowest, T3 was highest, there are no significant in formula T1, T5 and T6.5. The pepper yields in different formulas are of statistically significance. The pepper yield of per 667 m2、single plant and weight of single fruit in formula T6 are 5977.39 kg/667m2, 3.62 kg/plant, 43.14 g, significantly higher than other formulas. Compared with T1,T2,T3,T4,T5, its yield was increased by 4.90%, 0.80%, 2.70%, 5.50%, 11.70%, respectively.6.According to principal component analysis and cluster analysis, six kinds of biomass substrate formulas could be classified in three classes. Formula T6 belonged to the good class; Formula T4 belonged to middle class and formulas T1, T2, T3, T5, belonged to poor class. In summary, formula T6 displayed such as stronger growth potential, higher photosynthesis, higher yield and better quality, so it could better meet the need of pepper. |
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