Different Pollination Technology Affect Pear Fruit Development And Quality Formation Mechanism Research

Pear is not self-pollination trees, the fruit quality and setting rate are poor if pollinated by itself. It is needness to allocate the pollinated tree rationally in the pear tree yard. According to the actual situation in the flowering, choose the effective artificial pollination techniques to ensure high and stable yield and fruit quality appearance. Butterflies, bees and other insects pollinate naturally can ensure the quality and yield of pear when have enough pollinated trees. However, in case of low flowering, rainy or windy weather can not be natural pollination, pear pollination difficulties, affecting the yield and quality of the year. The current production of pollination methods often be used are:artificial point powder, dusting equipment, liquid pollination, bee pollination placement methods. In order to explore the best pollination for pear, the study mainly analyzed the effect of different pollinations to the fruit development and quality and to provide basis for establishing artificial pollination technique system of korla fragrant pear. The results were as follows:1. Through a optimized experiment to liquid formula in laboratory we find a nutrient solution of high pollen germination rate. And after we survey the rate of fruit and calyx in field experiment we get optimized nutrient solution formula that fit pear’s liquid pollination in the region of Xinjiang. It is:Xanthan gum 0.04%, radish sugar:17% Fruit and vegetable calcium:0.03%, borate:0.01%, PBO:300 times liquid, pollen:0.8 g·L-1.2. In contrast with nature pollination, adopting the way of bee pollination to six varieties of pear,by comparing the difference about pear fruit rate and fruit quality, study the effect of bees pollinate pear. It turn out that:bees pollinate improve pear fruit rate significantly. After bee pollinate, fruit weight, vertical and horizontal, and volume improved obviously. The difference between nature pollination and bee pollination about pear fruit hardness, fruit shape index, soluble solids content, total acid content and the content of stone cell is not significantly sharped, but the bee pollinate fruit’s total soluble sugar content and total phenol content are obviously higher than that of nature pollination.3. In contrast with artificial pollination, adopting 12 different amount of bees pollination methods to’korla’ Xiangli pear. By comparison the fruit setting rate and the pollen to study the effect of bees pollination. The results showed that the highest fruit setting rate and pollen amount is 4 groups of bees per Ha. It is worst that pollinate by 6 groups of bees per Ha. The fruit setting rate is higher by spraying sugar induced liquid than not. And the amount of pollen is higher relatively. The higher fruit setting rate the higher the amount of pollen. Though the fruit setting rate is high by artificial pollination, the amount of pollen is less than bee pollination. The best pollination is 4 groups of bees per Ha (2 groups as one, dispersed placed, spraying sugar induced liquid).4. Use korla fragrant pear, round yellow, wet as the test materials, by the way of three methods of artificial supplementary pollination that artificial point powder, dry powder and liquid pollination, studied pollination with different pollen concentration and density, the effect to pear bear and keep fruit, fruit calyx in the pollination. At the same time survey and study round yellow, wet’s solution of work intensity time and fruit quality in field. Results show that with the improvement of pollen concentration, density, fruit-bearing rate will also increase. The optimal pollen concentration of artificial point powder is pollen and flour ratio of 1:2. Liquid pollination best pollen density is 0.8 g·L-1. From the point of pollination efficiency, dry powder and liquid pollination is equal, significantly higher than that of artificial point powder, and when powder pollen and thicken ratio of 1:10 the effect is best.5. In order to enhance the understanding of the change of the sugar and acid contents in the development process of Korla pear, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the sugar and acid contents in the development process of the fruits of Korla pear, and to analyze the change rules of the contents. The result shows us:the sugar in the fruit of Korla pear consists of fructose, glucose, sucrose and sorbitol.and fructose content counts the highest. Acid components consist of oxalic acid, quinic acid, malic acid, shikimic acid, citric acid and succinic acid and quinic acid content counts the highest. So Fructose and quinic acid contents and their dynamic changes are the main factors that influence the fruit flavor and the ratio of the sugar and acid content in Korla pear.6. The PAL, PPO and POD activities and Sclereid content in ripe fruit were studied by different pollination methods in ’korla’ Xiangli pear. The results showed that it is basically the same by different pollination methods which affect PAL, PPO and POD activities, the difference mainly in the early and mid fruit development, it is little difference which affected the three enzyme activities by different pollination methods in ripe fruit, the Sclereid content is not significantly as well.7. Employing ’Korla’ pears as the experimental materials and use HPLC to measure the changes of the amount of the fruit soluble sugar and organic acid content when using different pollination methods.The result shows us:Different Pollination Method carries different outcome on the sugar and acid content in different periods. In the early stage of fruit development process(6.24～7.8) liquid pollination mode causes the completely adverse change trend of sucrose, sorbitol and oxalic acid, malic acid, shikimic acid, citric acid and succinic acid compared with other pollination mode.In the late stage, there are obvious differences of the sugar content when using different pollination methods.In combination with the results on the impact of different pollination methods on sugar content, liquid pollination,> artificial pollination,honeybee pollination> Natural pollination. In combination with the influence of different pollination methods of acid components in the accumulated results liquid pollination<honeybee pollination<natural pollination <artificial pollination. Liquid pollination has increased the sugar content and has decreased the organic acid content in the development process, which greatly improves the ratio of the sugar content and acid content, thus improving the quality of pears.8. Employing ’Korla’ pear as experimental materials and setting different pollinating methods to measure the changes of Ca, P, K, B, Na, Cu contents In the development process of the pear fruits. The result shows that the contents of mineral elements in fruits are affected by pollination mode. During young fruit period, contents of mineral elements in the fruits are all at a high level. With the rapid growth of the fruits, the mineral elements contents gradually decrease and the decreasing process lasts into fructescence. Compared with natural pollination mode. The artificial and honeybee pollination mode used in the productive process has caused the decrease of some mineral elements contents.While Liquid pollination could increase the mineral elements contents except K element. Therefore, choosing liquid pollination method in florescence is propitious to the quality of Korla frag.9. The endogenous hormone contents and fruit development were changing differently under different pollinations. The differences were not obvious during the early stage, but it is more obvious in the late fruit development. After artificial pollination single fruit weight、 fruit diameter and fruit volume were significantly higher than the other three pollinations. During ’7.8～8.19’, IAA contents under artificial pollination were significantly higher than the other pollinations (P<0.05), which agreed with the fruit rapid growth period. During ’7.22’to fruit maturation period, GA3 contents under artificial pollination were significantly higher than the other pollinations, and during ’6.24-7.22’after artificial pollination and honeybee pollination GA3 contents were significantly higher than the other two pollinations. IAA contents under natural pollination were significantly higher than the other pollinations at harvest, which were lowest under artificial pollination. The changing trend of ZR in fruit development was on the decline under artificial pollination and liquid pollination, while it rise obviously in the middle stage under honeybee pollination and natural pollination, which were similar to GA3. The results showed that artificial pollination method may be more beneficial to get pears of bigger size and fruit weight.