Construction And Optimization Of Tissue Culture Procedure For Mature Embryos Of Bread And Durum Wheat

As one of the most important food crops in the world, bread wheat pays a key role in agricultural production as well. Durum wheat is not only used as food crop, but also an important genetic resource in improving wheat. Plant tissue culture technique can significantly reduce plant growth cycle, as well as aids the foundation for genetic engineering improvement. Working on tissue culture system of wheat and its sibling species-durum wheat could be an effective auxiliary way to cultivate wheat with high quality and yield.With the use of mature embryos of 6 and 19 genotypes of bread wheat and and durum wheat, respectively as explants for tissue culture, our aims are to establish a set of integrated efficient regeneration plant system of bread wheat, and also to explore the conditions of tissue culture of durum wheat. Our results are as follows:1. With the increasing in concentration of hormone added, the rates of induction and embryonic tissue were significantly improved and the germination was reduced.Combination use of Dicamba and 2,4-D can significantly improve the rate of induction in bread wheat. In MS2 medium, addition of 2mg/L 2,4-D only can play the same role as combination use of Dicamba and 2,4-D role in induction of wheat embryo. Taken together, the use of 2mg/L 2, 4-D in medium MS2 was selected as the best culture medium. Significant relationship between the callusogenesis of durum wheat and concentration of hormone was not detected in this study. Based on our analysis, MS3 containing 2mg/L of 2,4-D was selected as the best culture medium for callusogenesis of durum wheat.2. The result indicated that ZT plays a greater role than KT and 6-BA in differentiation and seedling emergence of both bread and durum wheat. The differential medium with the combination of NAA1.0mg/L,6-BA1.0mg/L, KT1.Omg/L, and ZT 5mg/L is optimal for callus differentiation of both bread and durum wheats.3. Among the 6 wheat cultivars investigated, Liangmai 4, Shumai 482, and Chuannong 16 exhibited better abilities in regeneration with the rate being 26.29%,21.14% and 20.40%, respectively. Durum wheat PI 480459 (127) is the only genotype that showed the strong ability of regeneration, with 82.75% and 11.04% of induction embryonic and differentiation, respectively.