Research On The Biological Characteristics Of Two Representative Organisms Of The Respond To Transgenic Maize

The evaluation of the resistance efficiency of transgenic maize on the target pest [Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)] is the basis for its applications. Meanwhile, the target pest may also develop resistance evolution to the transgenic insect-resistant maize; therefore, the interaction relationship between the transgenic insect-resistant maize and Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée) has long been the important content of the environment safety study. Meanwhile, in consideration of the biodiversity safety, the effects of transgenic insect-resistant maize on the non-target organism and the community structures of the maize fields has also aroused important concerns. In recent years, Eisenia fetida, as the accepted species for soil ecological toxicology test species, has been applied in the soil ecological evaluation for transgenic maize and become the hot spot for the research. Furnacalis.This Paper, with our nation’s GM-maize with independent intellectual property ‘Shuangkang 12-5’, ‘Bt799’, ‘IE09S034’ and ‘CC-2’ as the assay subjects, conducts comprehensive evaluations of the function efficiency of the GM-pest-resistant maize planted in the black soil areas in Northeastern China by selecting two bio-indicators and through the method of combining field investigations and indoor bioassays, and analyzes the physiological mechanism for the generation of the resistance of the target pests; through the simulation of the straw returning tests, it also evaluates the potential impacts of the GM-maize residuals on the Eisenia fetid. The study aims to provide the promotion of the GM-maize and the rectification of the resistance with basic safety data. The main conclusions are as follows:evaluation of resistance to Asian corn borer was assayed with the transgenic maize‘Shuangkang 12-5’which harbored the genes, cry1Ab/cry2 Aj and G10evo-epsps. Field and indoor bioassay were taken to analysis the resistance to corn borer. The investigation results after the spear leaf stage inoculation revealed: only a small number of the GM-maize have needle-like harms, the mean value of the defoliation level is Level 1 and the resistance type is high resistance; the defoliation levels of the corresponding Non-GM-maize are all greater than Level 7, with these two kinds featuring significant differences; after the silking period inoculation, the risks of Ostrinia furnacalis on male tassel and the stalks are used as the evaluation parameters: it is revealed by the assay results: the whole growth periods of the GM-maize feature excellent resistance on Ostrinia furnacalis, and the harm mean value of the male tassel is 1.0, with all of the stalks not being harmed by the Ostrinia furnacalis. In contrast, the male tassels of the non-GM contrast maize that correspond to them have severe harms; meanwhile, they feed on the filaments and inject them into the male tassels, ear stems and stalks for harming. It is revealed by the results of the indoor bioassay: The survival rate of the larvae that fed on different tissues of‘Shuangkang 12-5’were 4%~12%. As control, the survival rate was higher than 96% with non-transgenic lines.In order to study the response of the detoxification enzymes and protective enzyme within the Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée) to transgenic insect-resistant maize, the transgenic insect-resistant maize‘Bt799’and‘IE09S034’were opted under the indoor controllable conditions for conducting biological tests, and the spectrophotometric method was adopted for determining the activities of the detoxification enzymes and protective enzyme within the larva of Ostrinia furnacalis, and they might be related to the resistance production of Ostrinia furnacalis to Bt poisonous protein. Meanwhile,the protective enzyme activity was induced, and with the extension of the feeding time, Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) activity and the oxidative enzyme activity were elevated, thus damaging the dynamic balance of the protective enzyme within the pests.As for the biological response of Eisenia fetida on transgenic maize, the transgenic insect-resistant maize‘Bt799’and herbicide-resistant maize‘CC-2’were opted as the materials, and by simulating the test method of straw counters-field indoor feeding, the influences of the transgenic maize on the growth and development of Eisenia fetida and the activity of the protective enzyme, and the results indicted that:after the feeding of Eisenia fetida transgenic insect-resistant maize‘Bt799’and herbicide-resistant maize‘CC-2’of straw residue,there were no significant differences in the growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida and the non-transgenic, and the residue of the transgenic maize did not have the urgent toxicity and the sub-lethal toxicity in the Eisenia fetida; meanwhile,transgenic insect-resistant maize‘Bt799’,herbicide-resistant maize‘CC-2’and the non-transgenic controls had no significant influences on the activities of such three kinds of protective enzyme oxidative enzyme, peroxidase and the Superoxide Dismutase(SOD)on Eisenia fetida,and are safe to the earthworms.