Bee Pollination Technology On Pear Tree And The Effect Of Calcium And Potassium On The Fruit Quality Of Korla Pear

With the development of modern agriculture, pollinating insects are increasingly becoming major pollinated way of food crops, vegetables, flowers and fruit trees. The bee pollination becomes the main pollination insects in the world today. In order to explore and study the effect of bee pollination in the pear production, in 2012 year in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province by Wall bee and Dang Shan pear as the research material, studied the effect of pear fruit quality by the natural pollination, artificial pollination and Wall bee pollination; In Nanjing agricultural university experimental base, with 30 pear varieties as experimental materials, through the field observation, analysis and comparison of pear and pollination bees mutual relationship; In Korla, Xinjiang province, the spraying calcium potassium mixed reagent to improve the korla fragrant pear fruit internal quality and fragrant bee pollination. The main results are as follows:1. Wallbee/mu pollination treatment of fruits in the fruit weight, fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter values, fruit hardness, soluble solid content and soluble sugar index and index of artificial pollination with similar results; 1000 wall bee pollination/mu treatment of titratable acid is lower than the artificial pollination. At the same time,1000 wall bee pollination/mu processing in the fruit weight, fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter values, fruit hardness, soluble solid content and soluble sugar on indicators higher than 300 wall bee/mu and 500 wall bee pollination/mu. But pulp content of stone cell,1000 wallbee pollination/mu significantly higher than the other four groups of processing, the stone cell content of natural pollination. Wall bee pollination can improve DangShan pear’s fruit quality, especially the 1000 wall bee pollination/mu, and there is no difference between artificial pollination process.2. The bee pollination behavior associated with the morphological characteristics of flower. This test in Nanjing Jiangpu ShiYanYuan chose 30 varieties of pears, bee with observation, select DangShan showed, the fruit, pears three bees pollination varieties most times; Followed by osmanthus pear, avocado, lemon yellow, xinya, snow, Mr Fang, qing; June is great again, this autumn, jade water village, green cloud, etc. The bee pollination the least number of varieties are high. And bee pollination of pear unrael the further studies have found that bees pollination times and pear flower diameter size are positively related, and how much nectar contents into positive correlation3. Korla fragrant pear fruits borne the azimuth, misshapen fruit incidence have significant differences. Fruit for the lowest incidence of east deformity fruit, fruit is in the north of the highest incidence of malformed fruit; Incidence of abnormal fruit fruit with different way that there are differences. Drooping lower incidence of abnormal fruit in the fruit lateral fruit, incidence rate was only about the half; Seed development situation also affect the shape. On normal fruit and deformity fruit anatomy found that normal fruit of average single seed weight, average ventricular number and mean seed number is significantly higher than the deformity fruit4. Screening in korla fragrant pear pollination insects, including bees are flowering main pollinators. Through natural pollination, artificial pollination and bee pollination treatment incidence of malformations of fragrant pear fruit, after the bees pollinated the crops and the incidence of malformed fruit and artificial pollination with no significant difference, but there was a significant difference and natural pollination. Three kinds of pollination process of fragrant pear single fruit weight, seed number and seed weight per three data, bee pollination treatment and artificial pollination of no significant difference, and natural pollination treatment have obvious difference.The local small-and medium-sized farmers using hand pollination and bee pollination combination way of pollination, large farmers using bee pollination, pear flower pollination. Flowering bees rent cost relative to the artificial cost is low, flowering bees pollinating or needs certain scientific guidance, in order to better enhance and improve the fruit quality of fragrant pear.5. In young fruit period of fragrant pear spraying different concentrations of Ca (NO3)2, KH2PO4 and mixed reagent, mature before the harvest, the survey found deformity fruit rate dropped significantly.0.3% Ca (NO3)2+0.5% KH2PO4 deformity fruit incidence lowest in combination. Seeds treated by groups of ventricular number and seed quantity were no obvious difference, weight of single seed has obvious difference, among them the Ca concentration was 0.5%, seed weight per seed weight concentration significantly higher than the other Ca treatment. Between the different concentration of soluble solids, soluble sugar content were compared with the control group, obviously improved. Titratable acid content relative to the control group, were improved. Fruit in the mineral elements are K, Ca, P, Mg content in each processing were improved.