Genetic Resources Analysis Of Common Bean Based On Morphological And Isozyme Marker

In this research, sixteen morphological characters(which include growth habit and the colour of the stem, the first flowering node, the colour of flower, the colour of pod, the length, width, thickness and weight per pod of both a tender or mature pod, the number of seed in a single pod, the colour of seed, hundred-grain weight.) were investigated in 46 taxa of common bean. In the same time, four isozymes (esterase(EST), PolyPhenol oxidase(PPO), peroxidase(POD), catalase (CAT)) were studies in common bean cultivars. With the help of morphological marker and isozyme marker, then establish the clustering dendrogram of the common bean cultivars to explore the relationship among the materials and carry on the classification for the same time.The main results are as follows:1、The 4 kinds of isozymes were found expressed in tissue specificity and phases specificity among the primary leaves, the flowers and the mature leaves. All in all, to analyze the EST isozyme of common bean, it’s better to choose the primary leaves or the flowers as the materials. The flowers and mature leaves can be used as the suitable materials for peroxidase isozyme analysing. The diversity of PolyPhenol oxidase isozyme genetic is quite low, when it comes to analysis it, it’s wise to choose the mature leaves as the materials, it’s like the same in choosing of materials about CAT isozyme.2、 The common bean cultivars can be divided into 3 groups and 4 independent branches at the Euclidean distance of 4.706 based on the morphological analysis.36 varieties in the first class, it can be also divided into three subclasses in the Euclidean distance of 3.94. The first subclass including No.3-YJ009764-1, No.8-YJ009766-2, No.45- Red of plain bean, No.29- kidney bean-2, No.35-Weiyuan kidney bean, No.24- Chongzhou bean-3, No.7-YJ009766-1, No.15-YJ005310. No.10-YJ009763(light purple), No.16-YJ005311, No.18-YJ005312-1 (black), No.19-YJ005312-1(spotted reddish brown), No.9-YJ009763 (light yellow), No.11-YJ009763, No.12-YJ005307, No.13-YJ005308, No.20-YJ005312-2, No.25-Chongzhou bean-4, No.32-sieva bean-2, No.34-Hanyuan pinto bean, No.36-processed bean-1, No.37-processed bean 2, their colour of stem are green, flower colour are mostly light purple and colour of seeed are tend to deeply. The second subclass including No.4-YJ009764-2, No.17-YJ005312-1, No.14-YJ005309, No.28-kidney bean-1 (brown). No.22-Chongzhou bean-1, No.26-kidney bean-1, No.30-kidney bean-3, No.38-CY.8 pole bean, No.42-Henan lima bean, No.39-university selected 97-5 pole bean, No.43-king of kings pole bean, their colour of flower are white, the first flowering node are similar, the vast majority of the colour of pod are green. The third subclass including No.41-high quality Thailand veinless bean, No.46-Bamboo bean, their colour of flower and pod and seed are similar.4 varieties in class two:No.5-YJ009764(piebald), No.23-Chongzhou bean-2, No.27- kidney bean-1 (black), No.40-Zhengxing Ziyan veinless pole bean. The series of the materials have the same colour (purple) in the stem, flower and the pod, the colour of seed are black.2 varieties in class three:No.33-sieva bean-3. No.44- Red flower white pod. The 4 independent branches are No.1-YJ004614, No.2-YJ004616, No.6-YJ009765 and No.31- sieva bean-1.In addition, four materials have formed four separated branches. Both No.1-YJ004614 and No.2-YJ004616 are vertical type. No.6-YJ009765 is also vertical type, but the first flowering node is the biggest among the materials. However, No.31-sieva bean-1 has the biggest characters of pod length, width, thickness and weight per pod, so does the hundred-grain weight, on the contrary, it has the minimum first flowering node.3、 Comparing the results of the three different material parts on isozyme analysis with morphological analysis, we found that choosing the mature leaves as the material part is the most similarity to morphological analysis. So we suggest that we can choose the mature leaves as the material part for isozyme analyzing. Of course, we may choose the primary leaves and the flower as the auxiliary research.4、Clustering analysis of the mature leaves about common bean isoenzyme, when genetic distance was 0.24, that 46 bean materials could be divided into 4 classes and a separate branch.The first class including 31 materials, it can be divided into 3 subclasses in the genetic distance of 0.162. The first subclass including No.l-YJ004614, No.36-processed bean-1, No.37-processed bean-2, No.7-YJ009766-1, No.25-Chongzhou bean-4, they have the similar width of pod and seed colur. The second subclass including No.2-YJ004616, No.7-YJ009766-1, No.41-high quality Thailand veinless bean, No.38- CY.8 pole bean, No.39-university selected 97-5 pole bean, No.13-YJ005308, No.40-Zhengxing Ziyan veinless pole bean, No.4-YJ009764-2, No.22-Chongzhou bean-1, they have the similarity width of pod and seed colur. The second subclass including No.5-YJ009764(piebald), No.11-YJ009763, No.14-YJ005309, No.17-YJ005312-1, No.6-YJ009765, No.15-YJ005310, No.16-YJ005311, No.19-YJ005312-1(spotted reddish brown), No.20-YJ005312-2, No.25-Chongzhou bean-4, No.32-sieva bean-2, No.28-kidney bean-1 (brown), No.41-high quality Thailand veinless bean, No.24-Chongzhou bean-3, No.10-YJ009763(light purple), their first flowering node and the colour of stem are similar. The third subclass including No.43-king of kings pole bean, No.44-Red flower white pod, No.30-kidney bean-3, No.31-sieva bean-1, No.34-Hanyuan pinto bean, No.45-Red of plain bean, they have the similar colour and length of pod.The second class including No.27-kidney bean-1 (black), No.35-Weiyuan kidney bean, both of them have the similar flower colour, pod length and seed colour.The third class including No.3-YJ009764-1, No.46-Bamboo bean, No.21-Thailand bean, No.12-YJ005307, No.18-YJ005312-1 (black), No.8-YJ009766-2, No.9-YJ009763(light yellow), No.26-kidney bean-1, their growth habit, first flowering node, the colour of stem, the number of seed in a single pod have high similarity.The forth class including No.23-Chongzhou bean-2, No.29-kidney bean-2, they have similar growth habit, first flowering node, colour of flower, pod and seed.In addition, No.33-sieva bean-3 has the quite low of pod height, so it forms a separate branch.5. There was some difference between clustering results of morphological markers and isozyme markers. Genetic variation of isozyme analysis is to study biological group by protein level, it is the expression product of gene, therefore, the environment and development will have an impact on it. We can research the genetic resources of common bean more deeply by combining with molecular markers can be bean research.