| Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, one of the main tobacco-growing areas in tobacco planting area has favorable natural conditions, is the production base of high-quality tobacco, but now the fertilization of tobacco area are widespread emphasis on chemical fertilizer and ignore the organic fertilizer, resulting in poor tobacco quality. The organic fertilizer can improve soil fertility、coordinating the supply of nutrients and promote the growth of plants to improve the yiled and quality of tobacco, organic and chemical fertilizer is one of the traditional high quality tobacco planting fertilization model, it is necessary to carry out relevant research.Through the survey of Panzhihua smoke zone fertilizer utilization of resources, This study according to current situation of panzhihua tobacco fertilization, select manure, oil cake, amino acid organic fertilizer, seaweed organic fertilizer,combine them and inorganic fertilizer with reasonable, discussion the effects of YunYan85’s growth, yield and quality on different organic and chenmical fertilizer. The main findings are as follows:(1) The general application situation in Panzhihua smoke zone is good, The basal is tobacco special compound fertilizer, seems in 45 kg/mu on average, applied a specification, basic meets the requirement of balanced fertilization technical specification, combined with organic and chemical fertilizer, but also exist the following problems:The basal species is single, high nitrogen input, ignore the phosphate fertilization and the potash fertilizer utilization rate is low. Should be paid attention to the overall "drop nitrogen, increase phosphorus and the amount of potassium ". Lack of organic fertilizer and greater randomness, nearly 50% of households do not have the habit of organic fertilizer, average manure 340kg/667m2, straw 62.67 kg/667m2, oil cake 6.33 kg/667m2, far below seems to produce high quality flue-cured tobacco, should pay attention to straw counters-field effective measures, green manure planting, etc. To achieve flue-cured tobacco nutrient balance between supply and demand, different areas should be comprehensive soil fertility, soil type, field types, the characteristics of flue-cured tobacco varieties, adjusting fertilizer and proportion.(2) Different types of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco plant height, stem girth, leaf area index obvious impact, no significant effect on the pitch. Where manure, farmyard manure and seaweed organic fertilizers agronomic traits consistent with the values of two processing quality tobacco Panzhihua standards, and the amino acid organic fertilizer processing plant height, stem girth, leaf area coefficient values obtained in more on the basis of quality tobacco significantly,compared to the control increased by 12.03%、23.84%、13.09%.(3) Each soil has a certain degree of acidification after planting tobacco, pH values decreased, while the nutrient content of the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, etc, there are an increasing trend, which is the highest increase in the proportion of organic matter oil dry process was 32.78%, the highest increase in the proportion of potassium is manure treatment, was 38%.(4) Applying different kinds of organic fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco can improve the output, output value, average price and the proportion of fine tobacco. Except for a very small number of processing outside, output 4.98%～22.33% higher than the comparison, output value 3.54%～29.26% higher than the comparison, average price 4.71% ～9.14% higher than the comparison, the proportion of fine tobacco are all above 90%. which the amino acid organic fertilizer production, the highest value, followed by manure handling.(5) The total nitrogen roast, showing nicotine content is higher than the upper leaves and lower leaves middle leaves trend lower than the lower leaf nitrogen base; total sugar and reducing sugar content were in the range of high quality or desirable sugar higher than in the lower part of the leaf base; cigarette potassium content in the appropriate range, the chloride ion content is generally low, potassium chloride is more than the overall coordination. Application of amino acid organic fertilizer can improve the total nitrogen, nicotine, nicotine ratio of nitrogen, total sugar, potassium tobacco, sugar base ratios were 1.90%,2.19%,0.87%,22.6%,3.08%,10.32%, and high-quality the closest standard flue-cured tobacco; while organic manure fertilizer seaweed fertilizer, oil dry seaweed fertilizer organic fertilizer, the total nitrogen, nicotine, nitrogen bases close to the ratio of the standard of high quality tobacco.(6) Organic and inorganic fertilizers agronomic traits and quality of flue-cured tobacco yield and maturity of the long-term flourishing strong correlation. The main output of flue-cured tobacco yield and plant height and leaf area showed a significant positive correlation coefficient, plant height and leaf area index and therefore is an important factor in high-yield, high-value and ultimately the formation. And potassium smoke, nicotine and other major chemical quality indicators significantly associated with maturity pitch and leaf area index. By organic and inorganic fertilizers, improving flue-cured tobacco vigorous, mature plant height and leaf area index, can effectively increase the economic benefits of tobacco and tobacco smoke increase the potassium content, lower nicotine content, so that the quality of tobacco leaves more coordinated. |
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