| Two experiments were conducted in this paper to assess responses of different weaned age piglets to feed flavoring agents and organic acids, The current experiment also discussed the effects of feed flavoring agents and organic acids on the secretion of serum regulatory factor, apparent digestibility,and the effect of organic acids on the utilization of energy and methane production in hind gut of weaned piglets aged in 28-days.Experiment 1:The effect of feed flavoring agents and organic acids on the growth performance of weaned piglets aged in 21-days. A total of 40 healthy crossbred piglets (Duroc × Large White× Landrance; weaned at 21-day) with an initial average body weight of 5.90 ± 0.76 kg were allocated to 4 treatments with 10 replicates per treatment and one pigs per pen. The diets were formulated based on NRC (2012) nutrition requirements of piglets. Experimental diets included:Control diets, the diet with supplemental antibiotics; The control diets plus 400 mg/kg of flavors and 150 mg/kg of sweeteners were referred to flavoring agents diets; The flavoring agents diets plus 3 g/kg of organic acids (SF3:34%calcium formate,16% calcium lactate,7% citric acid and 13% medium chain fatty acids) were referred to flavoring agents-SF3 diets. The SF3 replaced antibiotics diets were prepared by removing antibiotics from the control diets and including SF3 at 5 g/kg. The whole experiment was last for 2 weeks and piglets were housed individually in metabolism cages. The results were as follows:Compared with the control, the treatment with feed flavoring agents individually, feed flavoring agents and 3 g/kg SF3,5 g/kg SF3 replaced antibiotics have a positive effect on bodyweight at 7th day and it enhanced by 6.23%,6.09% and 9.13% respectively. In the first week, the treatment with feed flavoring agents had a higher (P<0.05) efficiency of feed utilization than the control treatment. In the second week, the treatment with feed flavoring agents and 3 g/kg SF3 could increase feed intake significantly (P<0.05) when compared with control. During the whole trial, the treatment with feed flavoring agents and 3 g/kg SF3 trended to increase the feed intake (P<0.10) compared with control, but 5 g/kg SF3 replaced antibiotics treatment trended to increase feed to gain ratio(P<0.10) of weaned piglets when compared with control and feed flavoring agents treatment.The results indicated that pigs fed feed flavoring agents could improve the efficiency of feed utilization in the first week under the condition of the current study. The feed flavoring agents and 3 g/kg SF3 can increase the feed intake of pigs, and it can promote the feed intake continuously.5 g/kg SF3 supplementation to the noncommercial diet without supplemental antibiotics could not enough to keep health of weaned.Experiment 2:The effect of feed flavoring agents and organic acids on the growth performance, apparent digestibility, energy utilization, intestinal microflora and the secretion of serum regulatory factor of weaned piglets aged in 28-days. A total of 36 healthy crossbred piglets (Duroc× Large White × Landrance; weaned at 28-day) with an initial average body weight of 9.86 ± 0.85 kg were allocated to 4 treatments with 9 replicates per treatment and one pigs per pen. The diet was the same as experiment 1. The whole experiment was last for 3 weeks and piglets were housed individually in metabolism cages. At the 9th day, digestion experiment was carried out with total feces collection method. Total of 8 healthy piglets(4 male and 4 female pigs) with closed average body weight were selected from control and 5 g/kg SF3 replaced antibiotics treatment after digestion experiment. Pigs were kept in respiration chamber for last 72 h and methane production was measured daily. The results were as follows:1) The growth performance of weaned piglets:In the first week, The feed intake of piglets in control treatment was significantly higher(P<0.05) than feed flavor agents treatment, but the feed flavor agents and 3 g/kg SF3 treatment had a lower(P<0.05) feed to gain ratio than control.2) Apparent nutrient digestibility:Pigs fed the 5 g/kg SF3 replaced antibiotics diet had a higher(P<0.05) apparent digestibility of DM, Ca and P than control diet. The feed flavor agents and 5 g/kg SF3 replaced antibiotics treatment trended to increase the apparent digestibility of CP (P<0.10).3) The secretion of serum regulatory factor:Pigs fed feed flavor agents individually or feed flavor agents and 3 g/kg SF3 could increase total serum concentration of ghrelin(.P<0.05). The concentration of serum leptin did not differ among treatment(P>0.05). The concentration of serum glucagon-like peptide-2 was greater(P<0.05) in feed flavor agents treatment than in control treatment.4) Energy utilization:Compared with the control, the digestible energy and metabolic energy in the 5 g/kg SF3 replaced antibiotics diet was enhanced by 7.63% and 3.18% respectively. Moreover, urine energy enhanced by 11.52% along with 18.46% increased in urinary nitrogen, the methane production in hind gut decreased 17.5%.5) Intestinal microflora:Pigs fed the 5 g/kg SF3 replaced antibiotics diet had higher (P<0.05) ileal Lactobacillus content and colon Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium content than the control diet, while the content of Bacteroides decreased significantly in the ileum (P<0.05). The content of total bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae did not differ among treatment (P>0.05).The results indicated that the feed flavoring agents may had undesirable effect on feed intake. Pigs fed 5 g/kg SF3 replaced antibiotics diet had a positive effect on digestible energy and metabolic energy of weaned pigs by increasing amounts of probiotic in gastrointestinal tract, improvement of nutrient digestibility and decrease methane production in hind gut. |
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