Effects Of Different Combinations Of Water And Fertilizers On The Growth And Nutrients Uptake Of Winter Wheat And Maize

Water and nutrient are fundamental for crop growth, as well as main influencing factors for agricultural sustainable development in dryland areas. N itrogen and phosphorus are both regarded as essential nutrients for crop growth, and play an important role on the high yield of wheat in dryland environments, however unreasonable application of nitrogen and phosphorus is known to cause a decline in crop quality, contributing to a waste of resources and restricting agricultural sustainable development through environmental degradation. Nevertheless, fertilizer and water have an important interrelationship as their application can both affect and restrict one another other. The fields experiments were conducted in the Fuping crop test site from 2014 to 2015, using winter wheat Xiaoyan 22, Zhengdan 958 in a field adopting the 33 level orthogonal experimental design to study the effects of different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and water irrigation use and efficiency on winter wheat and maize yields. The research also examined the effects of the different combination of soil nutrients on winter wheat and maize. O verall, results were used to examine the effects of different water and fertilizer conditions on dryland soil. The combined effect relationship of fertilizer and water on wheat yield and nitrate was analysed in order to find the best sustainable economic output. Finally, the experiment tried to build a wheat fertilization model for wheat production, wheat quality, to recognise the ecological and safe operational benefits of water and fertilizer, and also for reasonable regulation of water and fertilizers in wheat production. The main conclusions are as follows:1. After range analysis and variance analysis, the optimal combination of fertilizers and water was: nitrogen fertilizer applied 225 kg/ha; phosphate fertilizer applied 90 kg/ha. Irrigation 60 mm that was N3P2H3. Regression analysis showed that: the optimal combination of fertilizers and water was: nitrogen fertilizer applied 225 kg/ ha; phosphate fertilizer applied 90 kg/ha; Irrigation 60 mm that was A3B2C3, means N3P2H3. The results showed that the effects of each factor was nitrogen>irrigation >phosphorus. The highest yield on maize was N3P2H3, that was nitrogen fertilizer applied 300 kg/ha; phosphate fertilizer applied 90 kg/ ha; Irrigation 60 mm.2. Effects of different combination of water and fertilizer levels on yield components was obvious. The fertilizer treatments of supplement irrigation and no irrigation increased wheat height 3.88 cm, with a fringe grain of 4.53 numbers. Weight of 1000 grains showed no regularity, there were increases and decreases, the overall average reduction of 1.91 g. The analysis may be due to the increase in the total number of ears per hectare. The height of maize significantly different under different combination of water and fertilizer. From the chart, the highest wheat was N3P2H3. Compared other treatment, N1P1H1、N2P2H1、N3P3H1 with no irrigation had low height.3. Soil nutrient values were different depending on the type of treatment. As for winter wheat, at winter stage, the surface soil layer NO3--N content was high, and because the use of nitrogen fertilizers, content of NO3--N was increase. At turning green stage, compared with winter stage, the content of NO3--N in 100-120 cm was decrease, meaning NO3--N was fully uptake by wheat root. At mature period, content of NO 3--N experienced a significantly downward move ment. With faster growth, Plants absorb nitrogen gradually increased, so the content of NO3--N was low, with the soil NO3--N cumulative peak being 160-180 cm in the soil layer. Irrigation promoted the migration of available potassium and the absorption of crops, in favor of the improvement of soil available phosphorus, decreas ing soil organic matter.4. The water content and WUE rate under different water and fertilization treatments differences were significant. For winter wheat, at winter stage, soil mois ture had increased from top to bottom. At turning green stage, soil moisture was the highest in 0-20 cm, whilst it was the lowest at 20-40 cm. The reason could be when in the early turning green stage, more precipitation, but little rainfall, penetrated through mainly in the surface layer, compared with winter stage, when surface soil moisture experienced a significantly downward movement. At mature period, maximum soil moisture was transferred to the bottom. WUE of N 3P2H3 was the highest, 54.82 kg? ha ?mm-1. For maize, the soil moisture cumulative peak was in 60-80 cm soil layer. Maize absorbed water better in 100-120 cm, which means plants absorb water better at this depth. At the same fertilization, with the increasing of irrigation, WUE had also increased where N3P2H3 was the highest, reaching 13.12 kg? ha ?mm-1.