Research And Development Of Key Technology And Equipment For Wheat No-tillage Drill

Conservation tillage has significant advantages of water conservation, soil loss decrease, inhibition of sandstorms and mprovement of soil fertility. Conservation tillage has been widely promoted in our country since 2002. No-tillage seeding is one of the four key technologies of conservation tillage, and the key factors to restrict its promotion are related to the level of no-tillage planter development. In China, a large amount of straws reminded on the surface before wheat seeding, which easily cause blocking, mix of weed and soil and mix of wet and dry soil in the process of wheat seeding, and influence subsequent seed germination and growth. In reaction to this phenomenon, this paper designed a new type of wheat no-tillage drill. The drill can effectively solve the blocking, mix of weed and soil and mix of wet and dry soil in the process of wheat seeding, and ensure the stability of sowing depth and reliability of compacting strength. In this paper, the main work and conclusions are as follows:(1) General arrangement design of wheat no-tillage seed and fertilizer drill. The first experimental study was conducted on agronomy parameter of wheat seeding, determined the best seeding method is wide-narrow row planting, and the optimal designed parameter was determined. By the features investigation and analysis of existing no-tillage planter, combined with wheat seeding requirements, this paper proposed some different structure and layout program, and ultimately determined the best general arrangement by analysis and comparison of different programs.(2) The design of key components. This paper designed a type of trapezoidal stubble cutter disc, which can ditch two "V" ditch in seeding row and cut off the surface covering. The disc can also turn the surface covering and the dry topsoil to the besides of seeding row, to effectively solve the blocking, mix of weed and soil and mix of wet and dry soil. In order to ensure the stability of sowing depth and reliability of compacting strength, the planter adopted monomer compacting method, and break crop device and two-point depth wheel were employed to guarantee the stability of sowing depth.(3) Three-dimensional modeling and trial-manufacture of the model. This paper completed the components’ three-dimensional modeling and the machine’s virtual assembly using 3D modeling software Pro/E, indicating without interference, and completed the trial-manufacture of the model.(4) Field trials. This paper respectively completed test in Baoji, Weinan and Xianyang under different surface conditions. Test results showed that the planter can solve the blocking, mix of weed and soil and mix of wet and dry soil in the process of wheat no-tillage seeding, stubble and soil separation factor is 81.8% and the soil moisture content difference of 3~6cm and 0-3cm is 7.01%. But the machine easily happened congestion phenomenon in front of the wheel under the condition of particularly large amount of straw mulching in weinan. Narrow row spacing was 10 cm, which didn’t meet the design requirements.(5) Aiming at the problems during the trial, the machine was optimized and improved, and complete the second generation prototype production.