| The forest plays an extremely important role in ecosystem. It can purify air, save water, maintain the balance of the atmosphere. It is one of the extremely precious natural resources for human survival and development. Therfore protecting forest resources is essential to maintain the balance of the earth’s ecological system and the human survival and development. However, frequent forest fires cause serious damage to both ecosystems and human. It is significant to use methods such as investigating the characteristics and regularities of forest fires to detect the forest environment with the advanced technologies and leading technology.This thesis combined the Internet of Things(IOT) technology and digital image processing technology to design a forest fire identification system. Through the ZigBee technology and image acquisition technology, the system collected the forest environmental parameters and obtained the information of real situation in real time, then sent the data to the upper machine via GPRS(General Packet Radio serviee) module further processing and decision-making. In addition, through studying and analyzing fire image processing algorithms, an algorithm based on the K-means and color model for forest fire image recognition was proposed.The main work of this thesis can be summarized as follows:(1) The research and construction of forest fire detection system framework based on IOT technology. Through studying the characteristics and development of IOT technology and comparing several mainstream communication technology, the ZigBee technology was selected as the core technology for system construction. According to the specific environment and functional requirements, an overall framework of the system was built.(2) Forming a wireless sensor network via ZigBee technology. A wireless sensor network was set up via ZigBee technology through studing and designing the sensor nodes (terminal acquisition node), routing nodes and a coordinator node. The network was initialized and established by the coordinator node in the wireless sensor network. The routing nodes were responsible for routing, routing table maintenance and forwarding data. The sensor nodes were responsible to obtain the forest environment data and send the data to the coordinator node via its parental routing nodes.(3) The analysis of nodes in the wireless sensor network and the design of hardware and software system. The CC2530/CC2531 series chip manufactured by TI was used as the sketch of the wireless sensor network in system. According to the actual system requirements and node type, the node functions were analyzed and the hardware and software system were designed. The hardware design of network nodes mainly included the design of power supply circuit, wireless transceiver module and sensor module. By studying the characteristics of IAR development environment and the Z-Stack protocol stack development process, the software design was achieved, realizing the communication among network nodes and the data transmission between coordinator node and the GPRS module. The remote PC monitoring platform is developed with Visual Basic.(4) Study on fire image processing algorithm. Through studying and analyzing the fire image processing algorithms, an algorithm based on the K-means and color models for forest fire image recognition was proposed. The new algorithm combined the features of flame and smoke to recognize flames, according to the respective the color model and the dynamic characteristics of the flame and smoke identify fire trends. The computer simulation through MATLAB confirmed the efficacy of the algorithm and proved to be beneficial for the forest fire prevention.The forest fire detection system based on IOT aims to study a real time forest fire monitoring system, which give out a fire alarm in the early stage of forest fire. The laboratory experiments was proven that the system can achieve more accurate to the forest environment real-time monitoring. For some burst fire, the system can judge the specific characteristics of the fire, providing a strong basis for fire extinguishing and reduce the damage. |
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