Study On The Plant Landscape Of Waterfront Belt-shaped Park In Fuzhou City

The application status of plant, spatial layout model, plant landscape space type and plant community structure which affecting the environmental factors were investigated and analyzed based on six typical waterfront belt-shaped parks in Fuzhou city,Jinan River Park, Baima River Park, Guangminggang Park, Sandbeach Park, the North park of Minjiang Park and the South park of Miniang Park, by using the methods of overall survey, detailed survey and ecological benefit measurement of small-scale plant community. On this basis,54 typical plots of plant communities in the six parks were selected, and systematic evaluations of the plant landscape on the plots were analyzed with the knowledge of Analytic Hierarchy Process.The results showed that:1. There were about 273 kinds of plant species and 4 dominant families (Arecaceae, Poaceae, Moraceae and Leguminosae) in the six waterfront belt-shaped parks. On the other hand, the life forms of plants were varied, but there were a small number of species of deciduous trees, and the utilization of aquatic plants showed an extensive usage of minority species. The proportion of native trees such as Podocarpus nagi, Cinnamomum burmann, Nyssa sinensis Oliv, Michelia maudiaeDunn, Melia azedarach Linn, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Acer oliverianum, Clerodendrum japonicum, Impatiens balsamina, Corydalis pallida, Euonymus fortune and Ficus pumila were small, which could be further improved.2. Baima River Park, Jinan River Park and Guangminggang Park were clip both water-based park in the six surveyed parks, while Sandbeach Park, North park of Minjiang Park and the South park of Minjiang Park were waterfront type belt-shaped parks.The application characteristics of plants between those two types of parks were different. The tree layer of clip both water-based park laid more emphasis on the applications of evergreen trees, however waterfront type belt-shaped park focused on the use of deciduous trees; shrub layer of the two kinds of park took priority to flowering and colorful plants; herbaceous layer had a large number of plants, but less species. In addition, plant species diversity of tree layer in Jinan River Park and Sandbeach Park were the lowest, which needed to be optimized. Plant community composition of the North park of Minjiang Park and Guang-Ming-Gan Park were reasonable and worth of using for reference.3. The canopy density and vertical structure of plant communities should be considered for their significant influence on the ecological factors of waterfront belt-shaped park, when the plant landscape of waterfront belt-shaped park was evaluated. The larger the plant canopy density the more obvious of the cooling and moisturizing effects on plant community. However, the negative oxygen ions didn’t increase with the canopy density increase indefinitely, there was a critical value. Different vertical structure of plant community had different effects on the cooling and moisturizing effects, tree layer had significantly effect on cooling and ground layer had greater contribution to moisturizing. The concentration of negative oxygen ions was related to the richness of layers and structure of plant community, the richer the layer, the higher the concentration of negative oxygen ions.4. There were five models of spatial layout in the two kinds of waterfront belt-shaped parks. The type of plant landscape space was plentiful, which could be classified as the cover type, the node type, the line type and the region type, the characteristics of those four types were distinctive. The arrangement of landscape sequence and the creation of dramatic plant landscape space were paid more attention in Fuzhou city waterfront belt-shaped parks, the spatial layout of plant landscape was reasonable and the application of plants were relatively rich.5. The waterfront belt-shaped park plant landscape comprehensive evaluation system was established with the knowledge of AHP evaluation method. Through a comprehensive analysis of the 54 typical plots of plant communities in 6 typical waterfront belt-shaped parks, the overall quality of plant landscape in Guangmingang Park and the North park of Minjiang Park were optimum, while the plant landscape in Baima River Park, Jinan River Park, Sandbeach Park and the South park of Minjiang Park should be improved. Furthermore, there existed many problems on plant landscape construction in Fuzhou city:the species of aquatic and tree layer plants were much less, the seasonal variations of plant landscape were not rich, the features of plant landscape were not prominent, the hard revetment made large proportion and the combination of plant landscape and water was weak.6. According to the problems of plant landscape in Fuzhou waterfront belt-shaped parks, some suggestions were put forward as follows:The utilization rate of aquatic plants should be increased, the organic combination of vertical greening and plant landscape with water Should be promoted to enrich hydrophilic and viewing experience. The proportion of coleus species, deciduous trees and native species should be optimized to enrich seasonal changes of plant landscape, demonstrate geographical and cultural characteristics of Fuzhou. It should be pay much more attention to the coordination with other plant landscape elements to enrich cultural connotations of plant landscape. Some ornamental fruit, aromatic and healthcare species could be used to improve the perceptive experience and health protection of plant landscape in the parks. In order to improve the greening level of plant landscape, the perfecting of management system should be considered as far as posible.